Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

38arteriosclerosis Thickening and calcification of the arterial walls,leading to loss of elasticity, occurring with ageing and especiallyin hypertension.See also atheroma; atherosclerosis.artichoke, Chinese Tubers of Stachys affinis, similar to Jerusalemartichoke but smaller.artichoke, globe Young flower heads of Cynara scolymus; theedible part is the fleshy bracts and the base; the choke is the inediblefilaments.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 40%) water 84.9 g, 197 kJ(47 kcal), protein 3.3 g, fat 0.2 g, carbohydrate 10.5 g, fibre 5.4 g, ash1.1 g, Ca 44 mg, Fe 1.3 mg, Mg 60 mg, P 90 mg, K 370 mg, Na 94 mg,Zn 0.5mg, Cu 0.2mg, Mn 0.3mg, Se 0.2µg, K 14 mg, B 1 0.07 mg,B 2 0.07 mg, niacin 1 mg, B 6 0.12 mg, folate 68 µg, pantothenate0.3 mg, C 12 mg. A 100 g serving (1 artichoke) is a source ofCu, Mn, P, a good source of Mg, vitamin C, a rich source offolate.artichoke, Japanese Tubers of the perennial plant Stachyssieboldi, similar to Jerusalem artichoke.artichoke, Jerusalem Tubers of Helianthus tuberosus.The originof the name Jerusalem is from the Italian girasole (sunflower).Introduced to Europe from Canada by Samuel de Champlain in1616, and originally called Canadian artichoke. Much of the carbohydrateis the non-starch polysaccharide inulin.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 69%) water 78 g, 318 kJ(76 kcal), protein 2 g, fat 0 g, carbohydrate 17.4 g (9.6 g sugars),fibre 1.6g, ash 2.5g, Ca 14mg, Fe 3.4mg, Mg 17mg, P 78mg, K429mg, Na 4mg, Zn 0.1mg, Cu 0.1mg, Mn 0.1mg, Se 0.7µg,vitamin A 1µg RE (12µg carotenoids), E 0.2 mg, K 0.1 mg, B 10.2 mg, B 2 0.06 mg, niacin 1.3 mg, B 6 0.08 mg, folate 13 µg,pantothenate 0.4 mg, C 4 mg. A 120 g serving is a source of P,vitamin B 1 ,a good source of Fe.artificial sweeteners See sweeteners, intense.asafoetida A resin extracted from the oriental umbelliferousplant Narthex asafoetida, with a bitter flavour and strong garliclikeodour, used widely in oriental and Middle Eastern cooking,and in small amounts in sauces and pickles. (The strength of itsaroma is suggested by its French and German names: merde dudiable Fr, Teufelsdreck Ger.)ascariasis Intestinal infestation with the parasitic nematode wormAscaris lumbricoides.ascites Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity,occurring as a complication of cirrhosis of the liver, congestiveheart failure, cancer and infectious diseases. Depending on theunderlying cause, treatment may sometimes consist of a high-