Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

352palatone See maltol.Palestine bee See bee wine.Palestine soup English, 19th century, made from Jerusalem artichokesand named in the mistaken belief that the artichokescame from Jerusalem.palmitic acid A saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms(C16:0), widespread in fats and oils.palmitoleic acid A mono-unsaturated fatty acid with 16 carbonatoms (C16:1 ω7), widespread in fats and oils.palm kernel oil One of the major oils of commerce, widely usedin cooking fats and margarines; oil extracted from the kernel ofthe nut of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. Pale in colour in contrastto red palm oil from the outer part of the nut; 86% saturated,12% mono-unsaturated, 2% polyunsaturated, contains3.8 mg vitamin E, 25 mg vitamin K/100 g.palm oil From outer fibrous pulp of the fruit of the oil palm,Elaeis guineensis. Coloured red because of very high content ofα- and β-carotene (30 mg of each /100 g); 52% saturated, 39%mono-unsaturated, 10% polyunsaturated, contains 16 mg vitaminE, 8 mg vitamin K /100 g.palm, wild date Phoenix sylvestris, a relative of the true datepalm, P. dactylifera, grown in India as a source of sugar, obtainedfrom the sap.palm wine Fermented sap from various palm trees, especiallydate and coconut palms.palynology The study of pollens and spores.See also melissopalynology.PAM Passive atmosphere modification. See packaging, modifiedatmosphere.pan See betel.panada Mixture of fat, flour and liquid (stock or milk) mixed toa thick paste; used to bind mixtures such as chopped meat, andalso as the basis of soufflés and choux pastry.panary fermentation Yeast fermentation of dough inbreadmaking.pancreas Abdominal gland with two functions: the endocrinepancreas (the islets of Langerhans) secretes the hormonesinsulin, glucagon and gastrin; the exocrine pancreas (acinarcells) secretes the pancreatic juice. Known by the butcher assweetbread or gut sweetbread, as distinct from chest sweetbreadwhich is thymus.pancreatic juice The alkaline digestive juice produced by theexocrine pancreas and secreted into the duodenum. It containsthe inactive precursors of a number of protein digestiveenzymes.