Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

415rijstaffel Dutch, Indonesian; meal consisting of a variety of differentdishes (20 or more) served at the same time.risk factor A factor that can be measured to indicate the statisticalor epidemiological probability of an adverse condition, effector disease. Does not imply that it is a causative factor, nor thatreversing the risk factor will reduce the hazard.Rittinger’s law Equation to calculate the energy cost of reducingparticle size, based on the difference in surface area.See also bond’s law; comminution; kick’s law.RNA Ribonucleic acid, see nucleic acids.RNAi (RNA interference) A technique for silencing theexpression of specific genes by use of double-stranded RNA; itserves as an antiviral defence mechanism and may play a role inthe formation and maintenance of heterochromatin during celldivision.RNI Reference nutrient intake, see reference intakes.rocambole Mild variety of garlic, Allium scordoprasum, alsocalled sand leek.rock eel, rock salmon Alternative names for dogfish.rocket Cruciferous plant, Eruca sativa, with small spear-shapedleaves and peppery taste, eaten raw in salads or cooked. Alsocalled arugula, rucola, Italian cress.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 60%) water 91.7 g, 105 kJ(25 kcal), protein 2.6 g, fat 0.7 g, carbohydrate 3.7 g (2 g sugars),fibre 1.6g, ash 1.4g, Ca 160mg, Fe 1.5mg, Mg 47mg, P 52mg, K369 mg, Na 27 mg, Zn 0.5 mg, Cu 0.1 mg, Mn 0.3 mg, Se 0.3 µg,vitamin A 119 µg RE (4979µg carotenoids), E 0.4 mg, K 108 mg,B 1 0.04 mg, B 2 0.09 mg, niacin 0.3 mg, B 6 0.07 mg, folate 97 µg, pantothenate0.4 mg, C 15 mg.rock fish Saltwater fish, Sebastodes spp., with a flavour resemblingcrab.rock lobster New Zealand salt-water crayfish (Jasus edwardsii).rocou See annatto.rod mill Variant of ball mill, using cylindrical steel rods insteadof balls, to prevent balls sticking in foods.roe Hard roe is the eggs of the female fish. Soft roe is from themale fish, also known as milt or melt. Hard roe of sturgeon andlumpfish are used to make caviare and mock caviare.Rohalase TM Bacterial and fungal amylases used in brewing.roller dryer The material to be dried is spread over the surface ofinternally heated rollers and drying is complete within a fewseconds. The rollers rotate against a knife that scrapes off thedried film as soon as it forms. There is little damage to nutrientsby this method; for example, roller-dried milk is not scorched,but there is more loss of vitamins B 1 and C than in spraydrying.