Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

119citron A citrus fruit.citronella Lemon scented tropical grass Cymbopogon nardusused in salads and dressings; the essential oil is also used as aninsect repellent.citronin A flavonone glycoside from the peel of immature ponderosalemons. See flavonoids.citrovorum factor The name given to a growth factor for themicro-organism Leuconostoc citrovorum, now known to beformyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid. See folic acid.citrullinaemia A genetic disease caused by lack of argininosuccinatesynthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) affecting the synthesis of urea, andhence the elimination of nitrogenous waste. The defect may bemild, or so severe that affected infants become comatose andmay die after a moderately high intake of protein. Treatment isusually by restriction of protein intake and feeding supplementsof the amino acid arginine, so as to permit excretion of nitrogenouswaste as citrulline.Sodium benzoate (see benzoic acid) may be given to increasethe excretion of nitrogenous waste as hippuric acid.citrulline An amino acid formed as a metabolic intermediate, butnot involved in proteins, and of no nutritional importance.citrus Genus of trees with fleshy, juicy fruits; there is considerableconfusion over the names because of hybridisation andmutations.Sweet orange Citrus sinensis; various cultivars including Valencia,Washington navel, Shamouti. Sour, bitter, or Seville orangeC. aurantium; too bitter to eat, used for marmalade.Lemon C. limon. Lime C. aurantifolia. Citron C. medica,thick,white inner skin; used mainly to make candied peel. Pomelo(shaddock) C. grandis, parent of the grapefruit. GrapefruiṭC. paradisi (hybrid of pomelo and sweet orange).Tangerine or satsuma, mandarin, calamondin, naartje (S.Africa),small citrus fruit with loose skin.Clementine is a hybrid oftangerine and bitter orange, sometimes regarded as varietyof tangerine. Mineola is a hybrid of grapefruit and tangerine.Ortanique is a hybrid of orange and tangerine, unique to Jamaica.Citrange is a hybrid of citron and orange. Tangors are hybrids oftangerine and sweet orange.Ugli fruit is a hybrid of grapefruit andtangerine.Tangelo is a hybrid of tangerine and pomelo.All are a rich source of vitamin C and contain up to 10%sugars.cittosis An unnatural desire for foods; alternative words, cissa,allotriophagy, pica.CLA Conjugated linoleic acid. See linoleic acid, conjugated.