Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

241cation of the lens of the eye. Treatment (which must be continuedthroughout life) is either by feeding a diet low in methionineand supplemented with cysteine or, in some cases, byadministration of high intakes of vitamin b 6 (about 100–500 timesthe normal requirement).homofermentative Of micro-organisms, producing only one mainmetabolic product.See also heterofermentative.homogenisation emulsions usually consist of a suspension ofglobules of varying size. Homogenisation reduces these globulesto a smaller and more uniform size. In homogenised milk thesmaller globules adsorb more protein, which acts as a stabiliser,and the cream does not rise to the top.homogenisers Equipment for preparation and refinement ofemulsions; five main types. High-speed mixers rely on shearingforces developed by rotating blades. Pressure homogenisers forcethe mixture of liquids through a narrow aperture under high pressureto induce shear forces by turbulence. Colloid mills are discmills with a very narrow clearance between the discs. Ultrasonichomogenisers use high-frequency sound waves (18–20 kHz)giving a cavitation force of 10 tonnes/cm 2 causing alternate cyclesof compression and tension, forming emulsions of droplet size1–2µm. The mixture is pumped through the homogeniser at apressure of 340–1400 kPa. Hydroshear homogenisers andmicrofluidisers feed the liquid mixture into a double cone shapedchamber at high speed to create shear forces.homopantothenic acid Pantoyl-γ-aminobutyric acid, a homologueof pantothenic acid, reported to enhance cholinergic function inthe central nervous system, and used to improve cognitive functionin Alzheimer’s disease.honey Syrupy liquid made by bees (the honey bee is Apis mellifera)from the nectar of flowers (which is essentially sucrose).Theflavour and colour depend on the flowers from which the nectarwas obtained and the composition varies with the source. If theratio of fructose : glucose is high, there is a tendency for thehoney to crystallise. Comb honey is stored by bees in cells offreshly built broodless combs and sold in the comb; drainedhoney is drained from decapped combs.honey berry Variety of raspberry.honeydew honey During periods of prolonged drought, bees maysupplement their nectar supplies with honeydew, the sweet fluidexcreted on leaves by leaf-sucking insects. The resultant honeyis dark, with an unpleasant taste.honeydew melon See melon.honeyware See badderlocks.