Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

208secrete insulin.Also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropicpolypeptide.gastric secretion Gastric juice contains the enzymes chymosin(EC 3.4.23.4), lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), pepsinogen (the inactive precursorof pepsin, EC 3.4.23.1), intrinsic factor, mucin andhydrochloric acid.The acid is secreted by the parietal (oxyntic) cells at a strengthof 0.16 mol/L (0.5–0.6% acid); the same cells also secrete intrinsicfactor, and failure of acid secretion (achlorhydria) is associatedwith pernicious anaemia due to failure of vitamin b 12absorption.Pepsinogen is secreted by the chief cells of the gastric mucosa,and is activated to pepsin by either gastric acid or the action ofexisting pepsin; it is a proteolytic enzyme (see proteolysis).See also anaemia, pernicious; proton pump.gastric ulcer See ulcer.gastrin Peptide hormone secreted by G-cells of the antrum of thestomach; stimulates parietal cells to secrete acid.gastroenteritis Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach(gastritis) and/or small or large intestine, normally resultingfrom infection, or, in the case of gastritis, from excessive alcoholconsumption.gastroenterology The study and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinaltract.gastrointestinal tract (see p. 209) A term for the whole of thedigestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. Average length4.5 m (15 feet).gastrolith Stone in the stomach, usually builds up around abezoar.gastroplasty Surgical alteration of the shape of the stomachwithout removing any part. Has been used to reduce the physicalcapacity of the stomach as a treatment for severe obesity.gastrostomy feeding Feeding a liquid diet directly into thestomach through a tube that has been surgically introducedthrough the abdominal wall.See also enteral nutrition; nasogastric tube.Gatorade TM A sports drink containing mineral salts in approximatelythe proportions they are lost in sweat.gavage The process of feeding liquids by stomach tube. Alsofeeding an excessive amount (hyperalimentation).GC-MS Gas chromatography linked to a mass spectrometer asthe detection system.gean Scottish name for the fruit of Prunus avium; also known aswild cherry, sweet cherry and mazzard.gefillte fish (gefilte, gefültte) German for stuffed fish; of Russianor Polish origin, where it is commonly referred to as Jewish fish.