Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

291macassar gum See agar.mace See nutmeg.macedoine Mixture of fruits or vegetables, diced, or cut into smalleven-shaped pieces.macerases A group of enzymes (usually extracted from themould Aspergillus) used to break down pectin in fruits to facilitatemaximum extraction of the juice.mackerel An oily fish, Scomber scombrus.Composition/100 g: water 63.5 g, 858 kJ (205 kcal), protein18.6 g, fat 13.9 g (of which 27% saturated, 45% monounsaturated,27% polyunsaturated), cholesterol 70 mg, carbohydrate0 g, ash 1.4 g, Ca 12 mg, Fe 1.6 mg, Mg 76 mg, P 217 mg, K314mg, Na 90mg, Zn 0.6mg, Cu 0.1mg, Se 44.1µg, I 140µg,vitamin A 50µg RE (50µg retinol, E 1.5 mg, K 5 mg, B 1 0.18 mg,B 2 0.31 mg, niacin 9.1 mg, B 6 0.4 mg, folate 1 µg, B 12 8.7µg,pantothenate 0.9 mg. A 100 g serving is a source of Fe, vitamin E,B 1 ,B 2 , pantothenate, a good source of Mg, P, vitamin B 6 ,a richsource of I, Se, niacin, vitamin B 12 .macon ‘bacon’ made from mutton.maconochie A canned meat stew much used in the First WorldWar; made by Maconochie Brothers.macrobiotic diet A system of eating associated with ZenBuddhism; consists of several stages finally reaching Diet 7 whichis restricted to cereals. Cases of severe malnutrition have beenreported on this diet. Based loosely on the Buddhist concept ofyin and yang whereby foods (and indeed everything in life) arepredominantly one or the other and must be balanced.macrocytes Large immature precursors of red blood cells foundin the circulation in pernicious anaemia (see anaemia pernicious)and in vitamin b 12 and folic acid deficiency, due to impairmentof the normal maturation of red cells; hence macrocyticanaemia.macrogols Polyethylene glycols used as osmotic laxatives.mad cow disease Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, see bse.Madeira nuts See walnuts.Madeira wines Fortified wines from the island of Madeira: sercial(dry); verdelho (semi-dry); bual (semi-sweet); malmsey (sweet).madidi See kenkey.MAFF Former UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,now replaced by defra, the Department of the Environment,Food and Rural Affairs.magma Mixture of sugar syrup and sugar crystals producedduring sugar refining.magnesium An essential mineral; present in all human tissues,especially bone. Involved in the metabolism of atp. Present in