Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

240the 12th century ceremonial cutting of food became a spectaclefor Japanese nobility.hock (1) Generic term for white wines from the Rhine region ofGermany, known in USA as Rhine wines; bottled in brown glass,to distinguish from Moselle wines (in green glass).(2) The knuckle of pork; also used in USA for foreleg porkshank.hodge podge Victorian; stew made from left-over cooked meatwith vegetables.hogget One-year-old sheep. See lamb.hogshead A traditional UK measure of volume or size of barrel:for beer or cider contains 54 gallons (243 L); for wine contains52 1 / 2 gallons (236 L).hoki A white fish (Macruronus novaezealandiae); New Zealand’smost abundant commercial fish species. Also known as whiptail,blue hake or blue grenadier.holocellulose Mixture of cellulose and hemicellulose in wood,the fibrous residue that remains after the removal of lignin andminerals.holoenzyme An enzyme protein together with its coenzyme orprosthetic group.See also enzyme activation assays.holosides Complex carbohydrates that yield only sugars onhydrolysis, as distinct from heterosides, which yield other substancesas well as sugars on hydrolysis, e.g. tannins, anthocyanins,nucleosides.hominy Prepared maize kernels, also known as samp. Lye hominy– pericarp and germ removed by soaking in caustic soda. Pearledhominy – degermed hulled maize. Corn grits are ground hominy.homocysteine An amino acid formed as an intermediate in themetabolism of methionine; demethylated methionine; M r 117.2,pK a 2.22, 8.87, 10.86 (—SH). Does not occur in foods to any significantextent, and not generally considered to be of nutritionalimportance.High blood homocysteine (possibly a result of poor folic acid,vitamin b 2 , b 6 and b 12 status) has been implicated in the developmentof atherosclerosis and heart disease, associated with agenetic polymorphism in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase,EC 1.7.99.5).homocystinuria A genetic disease caused by lack of cystathioninesynthetase (EC 4.2.1.22), leading to impaired conversion ofthe amino acid methionine to cysteine, characterised by excretionof homocysteine and its derivatives. May result in mentalretardation and early death from atherosclerosis and coronarythrombosis if untreated, as well as fractures of bones and dislo-