Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

327NEFA Non-esterified fatty acids.negus Drink made from port or sherry with spices, sugar and hotwater.NEL See no effect level.nematode Any one of a large group of unsegmented worms; mostare free-living, but some, including hookworms and pinworms,are intestinal parasites.neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NEO-DHC) A non-nutritivesweetener, 1000 times as sweet as sucrose; formed by hydrogenationof the naturally occurring flavonoid neohesperidin.neomycin Broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic isolatedfrom Streptomyces fradii that is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinaltract and is used to treat persistent intestinal bacterialinfections.neonate Literally new-born, used to describe infants in the firstfour weeks of life.neotame Synthetic intense sweetener, 8000 times as sweet assucrose, N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-l-α-aspartyl]-l-phenylalanine1-methyl ester. See also aspartame.nephrocalcinosis Presence of calcium deposits in the kidneys;may result from vitamin d toxicity.neroli oil Prepared from blossoms of the bitter orange by steamdistillation. Yellowish oil with intense odour of orange blossom.net dietary protein calories See net dietary protein–energyratio.net dietary protein–energy ratio (NDpE) A way of expressingthe protein content of a diet or food taking into account both theamount of protein (relative to total energy intake) and theprotein quality. It is protein energy multiplied by net proteinutilisation divided by total energy. If energy is expressed in kcaland the result expressed as a percentage, this is net dietaryprotein calories per cent, NDpCal%.See also net protein value.net protein ratio (NPR), net protein utilisation (NPU) Measuresof protein quality.net protein value A way of expressing the amount and quality ofthe protein in a food; the product of net protein utilisation andprotein content per cent.See also net dietary protein–energy ratio; proteinquality.neural tube defect Congenital malformations of the spinal cordcaused by failure of the closure of the neural tube in early embryonicdevelopment (before day 28 of gestation). Supplements offolic acid (400µg/day) begun before conception reduce the risksignificantly.