Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

228Composition /100 g: water 79.9 g, 364 kJ (87 kcal), protein 18.9 g,fat 0.7 g, cholesterol 57 mg, carbohydrate 0 g, ash 1.2 g, Ca 33 mg,Fe 1 mg, Mg 39 mg, P 188 mg, K 311 mg, Na 68 mg, Zn 0.4 mg, Se30.2µg,I 250µg,vitamin A 17 µg RE (17µg retinal),E 0.4 mg,K 0.1mg,B 1 0.04 mg,B 2 0.04 mg,niacin 3.8 mg,B 6 0.3 mg,folate 12 µg,B 121.2µg, pantothenate 0.1 mg. A 100 g serving is a source of Mg,vitamin B 6 ,a good source of P,niacin,a rich source of I,Se,vitaminB 12 .haem (heme) The iron-containing porphyrin that, in combinationwith the protein globin, forms haemoglobin and myoglobin. Itis also part of a wide variety of other proteins, collectively knownas haem proteins, including the cytochromes.See also protoporphyrin.haemagglutinins (hemagglutinins) See lectins.haematemesis (hematemesis) Vomiting bright red blood, due tobleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract.haematin (hematin) Formed by the oxidation of haem; the iron isoxidised from the ferrous (Fe 2+ ) to the ferric (Fe 3+ ) state.haematinic (hematinic) General term for those nutrients, includingiron, folic acid, vitamin b 12 , required for the formation anddevelopment of blood cells in bone marrow (the process ofhaematopoiesis), deficiency of which may result in anaemia.haematocrit (hematocrit) Packed volume of red blood cells,expressed as fraction of the total volume of blood; determinedby centrifugation in calibrated capillary tube (haematocrit tube),as an index of anaemia, and especially microcytic and megaloblasticanaemias. Not a sensitive index of iron status, becauseit only falls after haemoglobin synthesis has been impaired.haemin (hemin) The hydrochloride of haematin, derived fromhaemoglobin. The crystals are readily recognisable under themicroscope and used as a test for blood.haemochromatosis iron overload; excessive absorption andstorage of iron in the body, commonly the result of a geneticdisease, leading to tissue damage (including diabetes) andbronze coloration of the skin. Sometimes called bronze diabetes.haemoglobin (hemoglobin) The haem-containing protein in redblood cells, responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbondioxide in the bloodstream.See also anaemia; iron.haemoglobin, glycated Also known as glycosylated haemoglobinor haemoglobin A 1c .The result of non-enzymic reaction betweenglucose and ε-amino groups of lysine. Measurement of glycatedhaemoglobin is used as an index of glycaemic control in diabetesmellitus over the preceding 2–3 months; normally 3–6% of