Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

464largely replaced by the NCHS (US National Center for HealthStatistics) standards.See also anthropometry; harvard standards; nchsstandards.tannia (tanier) The corm of Xanthosoma sagittifolium; known asnew cocoyam or yautia in W. Africa; same family as taro.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 86%) water 73 g, 410 kJ(98 kcal), protein 1.5 g, fat 0.4 g, carbohydrate 23.6 g, fibre 1.5 g,ash 1.5 g, Ca 9 mg, Fe 1 mg, Mg 24 mg, P 51 mg, K 598 mg, Na21mg, Zn 0.5mg, Cu 0.3mg, Mn 0.2mg, Se 0.7µg, 5 µgcarotenoids, vitamin B 1 0.1 mg, B 2 0.04 mg, niacin 0.7 mg, B 60.24 mg, folate 17 µg, pantothenate 0.2 mg, C 5 mg.A 100 g servingis a source of vitamin B 6 ,a good source of Cu.tannic acid See tannins.tannins Also called tannic acid and gallotannin. Water-solublepolyphenolic compounds (from a variety of plants, includingsorghum, carob bean, unripe fruits, tea), so-called because theywere originally used in leather tanning. They have an astringenteffect in the mouth, precipitate proteins and are used to clarifybeer and wines. Two main types: proanthocyanidins (condensedtannins) and glucose polyesters of gallic or hexahydroxydiphenicacids (hydrolysable tannins). They are potentially protectiveantioxidants, but also have potential antinutritional effects,reducing protein digestibility and impairing absorption of someminerals.tanrogan Manx name for scallops.tansy A herb, Tanacetum vulgare. Leaves and young shoots usedfor flavouring puddings and omelettes. Tansy cakes made witheggs and young leaves used to be eaten at Easter. Tansy tea(an infusion) was formerly used as tonic and to treat intestinalworms. Root, preserved in honey or sugar, was used to treatgout.tapas Spanish; small savoury dishes served with wine in bars.tapé Indonesian; sweet-sour alcoholic paste made from fermentedcassava, millet or maize, using a ragi starter. Either sundriedand used in soups and stews or deep fried as a snack.tapeworm Parasitic intestinal worms; infection is acquired byeating raw or undercooked infected pork (Taenia solium), beef(T. saginata) or fish (Diphyllobothrium latum). Eggs are shed inthe faeces and infect the animal host. Cysticercosis is infectionof human beings with the larval stage by ingestion of eggs fromfaecal contamination of food and water.tapioca Starch prepared from the root of the cassava plant(Manihot utilissima).The starch paste is heated to burst the granules,then dried either in globules resembling sago or in flakes.