Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

364pentagastrin Synthetic peptide that has the same effect as thehormone gastrin on gastric acid secretion.pentane Hydrocarbon gas (C 5 H 12 ) formed in small amounts bybreakdown of oxidised linoleic acid, and exhaled on the breath;used as an index of oxygen radical damage to tissue lipids, andindirectly as an index of antioxidant status.See also ethane; fatty acids.pentosans polysaccharides of pentoses. Widely distributed inplants, e.g. fruit, wood, corncobs, oat hulls. Not digested, andhence a component of non-starch polysaccharides or dietaryfibre.pentose phosphate pathway Or hexose monophosphate shunt, analternative pathway of glucose metabolism.See also favism.pentoses monosaccharide sugars with five carbon atoms.pentosuria The excretion of pentose sugars in the urine. Idiopathicpentosuria is an inherited metabolic condition almostwholly restricted to Ashkenazi (N European) Jews, which has noadverse effects. Consumption of fruits rich in pentoses (e.g.pears) can also lead to (temporary) pentosuria.penuche Candy made from brown sugar and beaten until it issmooth and creamy.P-enzyme Potato phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1), an enzyme thatcleaves starch to yield glucose-1-phosphate; specific for α-1,4links.pepper, black, white Fruit of the tropical climbing vine, Pipernigrum; the fruits are peppercorns. Black pepper is made fromsun-dried unripe peppercorns when the red outer skin turnsblack. White pepper is made by soaking ripe berries and rubbingoff outer skin. Usually ground as a condiment. Green peppercornsare dried or pickled unripe fruit. Pungency due to the alkaloidspiperine, piperdine and chavicine.pepper, chilli Small red fruit of the bushy perennial plant Capsicumfrutescens, various varieties known as red pepper, chilli (orchili), jalapeno. Usually sun-dried and therefore wrinkled. Verypungent, ingredient of curry powder, pickles and tabasco sauce.Cayenne pepper is made from the powdered dried fruits. Unripe(green) chillis are also very pungent.Composition/100 g: water 93 g, 88 kJ (21 kcal), protein 0.9 g, fat0.1g, carbohydrate 5.1g (3.1g sugars), fibre 1.3g, ash 1.4g, Ca7mg, Fe 0.5 mg, Mg 14 mg, P 17 mg, K 187 mg, Na 1173 mg, Zn0.2mg, Cu 0.1mg, Mn 0.1mg, Se 0.3µg, vitamin A 36 µg RE(898µg carotenoids), E 0.7 mg, K 8.7 mg, B 1 0.02 mg, B 2 0.05 mg,niacin 0.8 mg, B 6 0.15 mg, folate 10 µg, C 68 mg.peppercorn See pepper, black.