Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

353Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) by enteropeptidase(EC 3.4.21.9) in the intestinal lumen; in turn, trypsinactivates the other enzyme precursors: chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin(EC 3.4.21.1), pro-elastase to elastase (EC 3.4.21.36),procarboxypeptidases to carboxypeptidases (EC 3.4.17.1 and 2).Also contains lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) andnucleases.Secretion of alkaline pancreatic juice is stimulated bysecretin; secretion of pancreatic juice rich in enzymes is stimulatedby cholecystokinin.pancreatin Preparation made from the pancreas of animals containingthe enzymes of pancreatic juice. Used to replace pancreaticenzymes in pancreatic insufficiency and cystic fibrosis asan aid to digestion.pancreozymin Obsolete name for cholecystokinin.pandemain (paynemaine) Medieval English; fine white breadmade from sifted flour.pandemic An epidemic that affects large numbers of people inmany different countries, or world-wide.pan dowdy American; baked apple sponge pudding, served withthe apple side up.pangamic acid N-Di-isopropyl glucuronate, claimed to be anantioxidant, and to speed recovery from fatigue. Sometimescalled vitamin B 15 , but no evidence that it is a dietary essential,nor that it has any metabolic function.Paniplus TM A mixture of calcium peroxide and other salts addedto dough to permit use in high-speed manufacturing processes,introduced in 1920.panir Indian, Middle Eastern; soft mild-flavoured cheese. Milk isleft to ferment for 6–12 h, then heated to separate the curd.panning In sugar confectionery (and pharmaceutical) manufacture,the application of many layers of coating to centres tumblingin a revolving pan. Coatings may be sugar syrup (hardpanning, each layer is dried with hot air) or glucose syrup (softpanning, each layer is dried by the application of fine sugar.panocha Candy made from brown sugar, milk, butter and nuts.panthenol The alcohol of pantothenic acid; biologicallyactive.pantoprazole See proton pump.pantothenic acid A vitamin with no numerical designation.Chemically, the β-alanine derivative of pantoic acid. Requiredfor the synthesis of coenzyme a (and hence essential for themetabolism of fats, carbohydrates and amino acids) and of acylcarrier protein (and hence essential for the synthesis of fattyacids).