Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

322muscatels Made by drying the large seed-containing grapesgrown almost exclusively around Malaga (Spain). They are partiallydried in the sun and drying is completed indoors; they areleft on the stalk and pressed flat for sale. Muscatel is a sweet winemade from the grapes.muscle The contractile unit of skeletal muscle is the cylindricalfibre, composed of many myofibrils. Chemically, muscleconsists of four main proteins, actin, myosin, tropomyosin andtroponin, as well as structural proteins such as collagen andelastin. Contraction is achieved by formation of a complexbetween actin and myosin. The muscle fibre is surroundedby a thin membrane, the sarcolemma; within the muscle fibre,surrounding the myofibrils, is the sarcoplasm. Individual fibresare separated by a thin network of connective tissue, theendomysium, and the muscle as a whole is enclosed in theepimysium.muscovado See sugar.mushrooms The fruiting bodies of fungi (both mushrooms andtoadstools). Altogether some 1100 species are sold, fresh ordried, in markets around the world; most of these are gatheredwild rather than cultivated. 340 are poisonous to one degree oranother (10 are fatal, 6 hallucinogenic); 250 have (potential)medicinal uses.The common cultivated mushroom, including flat,cup and button mushrooms is Agaricus bisporus, as is the chestnutor Paris mushroom.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 97%) water 92.5g, 92 kJ(22 kcal), protein 3.1 g, fat 0.3 g, carbohydrate 3.2 g (1.9 g sugars),fibre 1.2g, ash 0.9g, Ca 3mg, Fe 0.5mg, Mg 9mg, P 85mg, K314mg, Na 4mg, Zn 0.5mg, Cu 0.3mg, Se 8.9µg, vitamin K0.1 mg, B 1 0.09 mg, B 2 0.42 mg, niacin 3.9 mg, B 6 0.12 mg, folate16µg, pantothenate 1.5 mg, C 2 mg. A 45 g serving is a source ofCu, vitamin B 2 , pantothenate.Other cultivated mushrooms include: shiitake or Black Forestmushroom; oyster mushroom; Chinese straw mushroom.Some wild species are especially prized, including field mushroom;horse mushroom; parasol mushroom; beefsteak fungus;blewits; wood blewits; cèpe or boletus; chanterelle; matsutake;puffballs; morels; truffles, wood ears or Chinese black fungus;yellow mushroom.mussels Marine bivalve molluscs, Mytilus edulis, M.californianus.Composition/100 g: water 80.6 g, 360 kJ (86 kcal), protein11.9 g, fat 2.2 g (of which 27% saturated, 33% mono-unsaturated,40% polyunsaturated), cholesterol 28 mg, carbohydrate 3.7 g, ash1.6 g, Ca 26 mg, Fe 4 mg, Mg 34 mg, P 197 mg, K 320 mg, Na