Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

386prahoc Cambodian; fermented fish paste prepared by pressingfish under banana leaves before salting and sun-drying.prairie chicken American game bird, Tympanuchus cupido and T.pallidicinctus.prairie oyster Traditional cure for a hangover; a raw egg withworcestershire sauce and brandy; the egg is swirled with theliquid but the yolk remains intact.pravastatin See statins.prawns Shellfish of various tribes of suborder Macrura; Palaemonidaspp., Penaeida spp. and Pandalida spp. In UK smaller fishare known as shrimp and larger as prawns; in USA all are calledshrimp. The deep-water prawn is Pandalus borealis; commonpink shrimp is Pandalus montagui; brown shrimp is Crangon spp.Composition/100 g: water 76 g, 444 kJ (106 kcal), protein 20.3 g,fat 1.7 g (of which 23% saturated, 23% mono-unsaturated, 54%polyunsaturated), cholesterol 152 mg, carbohydrate 0.9 g, ash1.2 g, Ca 52 mg, Fe 2.4 mg, Mg 37 mg, P 205 mg, K 185 mg, Na148mg, Zn 1.1mg, Cu 0.3mg, Mn 0.1mg, Se 38µg, I 100µg,vitamin A 54µg retinol, E 1.1 mg, B 1 0.03 mg, B 2 0.03 mg, niacin2.6 mg, B 6 0.1 mg, folate 3 µg, B 12 1.2µg, pantothenate 0.3 mg, C2mg. A 50 g serving is a source of Cu, P, a good source of Se, arich source of I, vitamin B 12 .See also dublin bay prawn; lobster; scampi.PRE Protein retention efficiency, a measure of protein quality.pre-albumin See transthyretin.Pream TM Non-dairy creamer.prebiotics Non-digestible oligosaccharides that support thegrowth of colonies of certain bacteria in the colon. They includederivatives of fructose and galactose, and lead to the growthof bifidobacteria, so changing and possibly improving the colonicflora. probiotics and prebiotics are sometimes termed synbiotics.They are considered to play a role as functional foods.precipitator, electrostatic A device for removing powder particlesfrom an air stream by passing it between two electrodes, so thatparticles become charged and can be removed at an earthedelectrode.precision Of an assay; the degree of reproducibility of a result,determined by calculation of the variance between replicateanalyses.See also accuracy.preforms Small dense pellets made in an extruder from pregelatinisedcereal dough, which are suitable for extended storageuntil they are converted to used to make snack foods by frying,toasting or puffing. (Also known as ‘half products’.)