Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

295maltitol A sugar alcohol produced by hydrogenation of maltose.Slowly hydrolysed in the digestive tract to glucose and sorbitoland fairly completely utilised, providing 16 kJ (4 kcal)/g;sweeter than maltose, and 90% as sweet as sucrose (E-965).maltobiose See maltose.maltol Also called laxarinic acid, palatone, veltol; chemically 3-hydroxy 2-methyl-γ-pyrone. Found in the bark of young larchtrees, pine needles, chicory and roasted malt; synthesised for useas a fragrant, caramel-like flavour for addition to foods; impartsa ‘freshly baked’ flavour to bread and cakes.maltonic acid See gluconic acid.maltose Malt sugar, or maltobiose, a disaccharide, α-1,4-glucosyl-glucose. Hydrolysed by maltase. Does not occur infoods (unless specifically added as malt) but formed during theacid or enzymic hydrolysis of starch. 33% as sweet as sucrose.maltose figure See diastatic activity.maltose intolerance See disaccharide intolerance.malt sugar See maltose.mamey Fruit of the central American tree Pouteria sapota, sometimesknown as sapote.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 60%) water 86 g, 213 kJ(51 kcal), protein 0.5 g, fat 0.5 g, carbohydrate 12.5 g, fibre 3 g, ash0.3 g, Ca 11 mg, Fe 0.7 mg, Mg 16 mg, P 11 mg, K 47 mg, Na 15 mg,Zn 0.1mg, Cu 0.1mg, Se 0.6µg, vitamin A 12µg RE, B 1 0.02 mg,B 2 0.04 mg, niacin 0.4 mg, B 6 0.1 mg, folate 14 µg, pantothenate0.1 mg, C 14 mg. A 200 g serving (quarter fruit) is a source of Cu,folate, a rich source of vitamin C.manchego Spanish sheep’s milk hard cheese.mandarin Loose-skinned citrus fruit, Citrus reticulata or C.nobilio.Varieties include satsumas and tangerines (although allthree names are used indiscriminately) with various hybridsincluding tangelo, tangor, temple, clementine.manganese An essential trace mineral which functions as theprosthetic group in a number of enzymes. Dietary deficiency hasnot been reported in humans; in experimental animals manganesedeficiency leads to impaired synthesis of mucopolysaccharides.Requirements are not known; a safe and adequateintake has been set at 1.8 (women) to 2.3 (men) mg/day.mangelwurzel, mangoldwurzel A root vegetable used as cattlefeed, Beta vulgaris rapa;a cross between red and white beetroot.mange tout See pea, mange tout.mango Fruit of Mangifera indica, originally of Indo-Burmeseorigin and now grown widely throughout the tropics; ovoid,with orange-coloured sweet aromatic flesh surrounding a centralstone.