Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

504essential). With the exception of the essential fatty acids, thereis no evidence that any of them is a dietary essential.vitamin P Name given to a group of plant flavonoids (sometimescalled bioflavonoids) that affect the strength of blood capillaries:rutin (in buckwheat), hesperidin, eriodictin and citrin (a mixtureof hesperidin and eriodictin in the pith of citrus fruits). Nowconsidered that the effect is pharmacological and that they arenot dietary essentials, although they have antioxidant activity.Called vitamin P from the German permeabilitäts vitamin,because of the effect on capillary permeability and fragility.vitamin PP The pellagra-preventing vitamin, an old name forniacin before it was identified.vitamin Q See ubiquinone.vitamin T Factor found in insect cuticle, mould mycelia and yeastfermentation liquor, claimed to accelerate maturation andpromote protein synthesis. Also known as torulitine. Said to bea mixture of folic acid, vitamin B 12 and deoxyribosides (DNA);hence not a particular vitamin.vitellin The major protein of egg yolk; approximately 80% of thetotal; a phosphoprotein accounting for 30% of the phosphorusof egg yolk.VLDL Very low-density lipoprotein, see lipoproteins, plasma.VOC Volatile organic compoundsvodka Made from neutral spirit, i.e. alcohol distillate mainly frompotatoes, with little or no acid, so that there is no ester formationand hence no flavour. Polish vodka is flavoured with avariety of herbs and fruits.voidage The fraction of the total volume occupied by air (thedegree of openness) of a bed of material in fluidised-bed drying.Vol TM Commercial ammonium carbonate, a mixture of ammoniumbicarbonate and carbamate. Used as aerating agent inbaking, as it breaks down to carbon dioxide, ammonia and steamon heating, without leaving any residue.volvulus Twisting of part of the gastrointestinal tract, leadingto partial or complete obstruction.votator Machine used for the continuous manufacture of margarine;the fat and water are emulsified, and the subsequentconditioning process carried out in the same machine.VP Vacuum packaging.VSP Vacuum skin packaging.Wwähe Swiss; tarts made from yeast-leavened dough filled withfruit, vegetables or cheese.waist : hip circumference ratio Simple method for describing the