Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

58beet sugar See sugar; sugar beet.beeturia Excretion of red-coloured urine after eating beetroot,due to excretion of the pigment betanin. It occurs, not consistently,in about one person in eight.bee wine Wine produced by fermentation of sugar, using a clumpof yeast and lactic bacteria which rises and falls with the bubbles ofcarbon dioxide formed during fermentation,hence the name ‘bee’.behenic acid Long-chain saturated fatty acid (C22:0).beikost Any additional food used in infant feeding other thanhuman milk and infant milk formula; weaning foods.belching See eructation.bell pepper See pepper, sweet.beluga Russian name for the white sturgeon (Acipenser huro),whose roe forms the most prized caviar.Benecol TM Spreads and yogurt containing stanols that inhibitthe absorption of cholesterol from the intestinal tract.Bénédictine French liqueur invented about 1510 by the monksof the Benedictine Abbey of Fécamp in France. The Abbey wasclosed, and the recipe lost after the French revolution, then rediscoveredabout 1863. It is based on double-distilled brandy,flavoured with some 75 herbs and spices; 40% alcohol by volumeand 30% sugar; 1.3 MJ (300 kcal)/100 mL.Benedict–Roth spirometer See spirometer.Benedict’s reagent Alkaline copper reagent (sodium citrate,sodium carbonate and copper sulphate) used for detection andsemi-quantitative determination of glucose and other reducingsugars. Benedict’s quantitative reagent also includes potassiumthiocyanate and potassium ferrocyanide. The colour of the precipitateon boiling gives an indication of the concentration ofglucose between 0.05 and 2%.See also fehling’s reagent; somogyi–nelson reagent.benniseed See sesame.Benn’s index Ratio of weight divided by height p ,where p isderived from weight/height ratio and the regression coefficientof log(weight) on log(height) for the population group. Values ofp range between 1.60 and 1.83.bentonite See fuller’s earth.bentoo no tomo Japanese seasoning consisting of dried fish, salt,soy sauce and monosodium glutamate.benzedrine See amphetamine.benzidine test Very sensitive test for blood; a green colour isdeveloped when the sample is treated with a saturated solution ofbenzidine in glacial acetic acid, followed by hydrogen peroxide.benzoic acid A preservative normally used as the sodium, potassiumor calcium salts and their derivatives (E-210–219), especiallyin acid foods such as pickles and sauces.