Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

182watercress on which the larval stage of the parasite ispresent.fasciolopsiasis Infestation of the intestinal tract with the flukeFasciolopsis buski, commonly acquired by eating uncookedwater chestnuts contaminated with the larval stage of theparasite.fast foods (fast service foods) General term used for a limitedmenu of foods that lend themselves to production line techniques;suppliers tend to specialise in products such as hamburgers,pizzas, chicken or sandwiches.fasting Going without food. The metabolic fasting state beginssome 4 h after a meal, when the digestion and absorption of foodare complete and body reserves of fat and glycogen begin to bemobilised. In more prolonged fasting the blood concentration ofketone bodies rises, as they are exported from the liver for useby muscle and other tissues as a metabolic fuel.fasting-induced adipocyte factor Circulating protein that inhibitsadipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, and so inhibits deposition oflipid in adipose tissue.fat (1) Chemically, fats (or lipids) are substances that are insolublein water but soluble in organic solvents such as ether,chloroform and benzene, and are actual or potential esters offatty acids.The term includes triacylglycerols (triglycerides),phospholipids, waxes and steroids.(2) In more general use the term ‘fats’ refers to the neutral fats,which are esters of fatty acids with glycerol (triacylglycerols ortriglycerides).fat, blood See lipids, plasma; lipoproteins, plasma.fat, brown See adipose tissue, brown.fat-extenders See fat, superglycinerated.fat free EU regulations restrict use of the term ‘fat free’ to foodsthat contain less than 0.15 g of fat/100 g; in the USA low-fat foodsmust state the percentage of fat; thus a product described as 95%fat free contains only 5 g of fat/100 g.fat, high-ratio See fat, superglycinerated.fat mouse Genetically obese mouse that secretes pro-insulinbecause of a defect in the gene for the pro-insulin convertingenzyme, carboxypeptidase e.The same enzyme is also involvedin the post-synthetic modification of other peptide hormoneprecursors, including pro-opiomelanocortin.fat, neutral fats that are chemically triacylglycerols(triglycerides).fat, non-saponifiable, saponifiable See saponification.fat, polymorphic One that can crystallise in more than oneform.