Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

calandria A heat exchanger consisting of a closed cylindricalvessel containing a vertical bundle of tubes used for falling filmevaporation of milk, which is passed as a thin film down theinside of the tubes, which are surrounded by a steam jacket.calbindin An intracellular calcium binding protein induced byvitamin d; it is involved in calcium transport.calcidiol 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol, 25-hydroxy derivative ofvitamin d, the main storage and circulating form of the vitaminin the body.See also calcitriol.calciferol Used at one time as a name for ercalciol (ergocalciferolor vitamin D 2 ) made by ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol.Alsoused as a general term to include both vitamers of vitamin d(vitamins D 2 and D 3 ).calcinosis Abnormal deposition of calcium salts in tissues. Maybe due to excessive intake of vitamin d.calciol Official name for cholecalciferol, the naturally occurringform of vitamin d (vitamin D 3 ).calcipotriol vitamin d analogue used as ointment for treatment ofpsoriasis.calcitonin Peptide hormone secreted by the C cells of the thyroidgland; lowers blood calcium by suppressing the activity of osteoclasts,so inhibiting the release of calcium from bone.calcitonin-gene-related peptide Peptide hormone secreted throughoutgut; decreases gastric acid secretion.calcitriol 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, the active metabolite ofvitamin d in the body.calcium The major inorganic component of bones and teeth; thetotal body content of an adult is about 1–1.5 kg (15–38 mol). Thesmall amounts in blood plasma (2.1–2.6mmol/L, 85–105 mg/L)and in tissues play a vital role in the excitability of nerve tissue,the control of muscle contraction and the integration and regulationof metabolic processes. An unacceptably high plasma concentrationof calcium is hypercalcaemia.The absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract requiresvitamin d, and together with parathyroid hormone, vitamin Dalso controls the body’s calcium balance, mobilising it from thebones to maintain the plasma concentration within a very narrowrange.Although a net loss of calcium from bones occurs as a normalpart of the ageing process, and may lead to osteoporosis, thereis little evidence that higher intakes of calcium in later life willaffect the process.calcium acid phosphate Also known as monocalcium phosphateand acid calcium phosphate or ACP, Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 . Used as the85