Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

139with age in children, and a reduced rate of increase indicatesundernutrition.See also anthropometry.critical control point (CCP) A factor or stage in processing whena loss of control would result in an unacceptable safety or qualityrisk.critical moisture content The moisture remaining in a food at theend of a period of drying at a constant rate.critical temperature indicator See time–temperature indicator.CRN Council for Responsible Nutrition, representing the dietarysupplement industry; web site http://www.crnusa.org/.crocin See saffron.Crohn’s disease Chronic inflammatory disease of the bowel, commonlythe terminal ileum, of unknown aetiology, treated withantibiotics to prevent infection and anti-inflammatory agents.Sufferers may be malnourished as a result of both loss of appetitedue to illness and also malabsorption. Also known as regionalenteritis, since only some regions of the gut are affected.See also gastrointestinal tract.cromoglycate 1,2-Bis(2-carboxychromon-5-yloxy)-2-hydropropane,used in treatment of vomiting, colic and diarrhoeaassociated with food allergy and irritable bowel syndrome;also used in treatment of other allergic reactions. Trade nameCromlyn.cropadeau Scottish; oatmeal dumpling with haddock liver in themiddle.crowdie Scottish; soft cheese made from buttermilk or souredmilk curd, also a dish of buttermilk and oatmeal.crowdies See milk, fermented.cruciferae Family of plants with flowers having four equal petals;most vegetables in this family belong to the genus BRASSICA.crude fibre See fibre, crude.crude protein See protein, crude.crullers Doughnuts made from deep fried choux pastry.crumb softeners Derivatives of mono-acylglycerols (monoglycerides)added to bread as emulsifiers to give a softer crumb andretard staling (E-430–436); also called polysorbates.See also fat, superglycinerated.crustacea Zoological class of hard-shelled marine arthropods(shellfish) including crab, crayfish, lobster, prawn, scampi,shrimp.cryodesiccation See freeze drying.cryogen A refrigerant that absorbs latent heat and changesphase from solid or liquid to a gas, e.g. subliming or evaporatingcarbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen.