Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

242hontarako Japanese; salted and dried cod roe.hookworm Intestinal parasitic nematodes (Ancyclostoma duodenaleand Necator americanus); infestation causes severe damageto the intestinal wall, leading to blood loss, and is a commoncause of iron deficiency and anaemia.hopanthate See homopantothenic acid.hopper Indian; steamed batter cake made from rice flour mixedwith coconut water and allowed to undergo lactic acid bacterialand yeast fermentation overnight.hops Perennial climbing plant, Humulus lupulus; the dried femaleflowers contain bitter aromatic acids (humulones and isohumulones)and essential oils, and are added to beer both to preserveit and enhance the flavour.The tender shoots may be eatenas a vegetable.hordein A protein in barley; one of the prolamins.hordenin Alkaloid found in germinated barley, sorghum andmillet which can cause hypertension and respiratory inhibition.Horlicks TM A preparation of malted dried milk, for consumptionas a beverage when added to milk.hormesis The dose response to a toxin or nutrient that shows astimulation or beneficial effect at low levels and inhibition or anadverse effect at higher levels.hormones Compounds produced in endocrine glands, andreleased into the bloodstream, where they act as chemical messengersto affect other tissues and organs.hormones, human Originally the hormones extracted fromhuman tissues, used therapeutically; now applied to proteins suchas insulin and growth hormone produced in micro-organismsinto which the human gene has been introduced; correctly knownas recombinant human hormones.hormones, sex Male hormones, or androgens, include testosterone,dihydrotestosterone and androsterone; female hormones,or oestrogens, include oestradiol, oestrone and progesterone.Chemically, all are steroids, derived from cholesterol.The syntheticfemale hormones stilboestrol and hexoestrol have similarbiological activities to the oestrogens, but are quite differentchemically. Apart from clinical use, oestrogens have been usedfor chemical caponisation (see capon) of cockerels and toenhance the growth rate of cattle.horse bread Medieval English; bread made with any cereal tohand, as well as peas and beans.horseradish The root of Armoracia lapathifolia. Pungency iscaused by volatile oils. Used as a condiment, usually as a creamedsauce or grated and mixed with beetroot.horseradish tree See moringa.