Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

296Composition/100 g: (edible portion 69%) water 81.7 g, 272 kJ(65 kcal), protein 0.5 g, fat 0.3 g, carbohydrate 17 g (14.8 g sugars),fibre 1.8g, ash 0.5g, Ca 10mg, Fe 0.1mg, Mg 9mg, P 11mg, K156mg, Na 2mg, Cu 0.1mg, Se 0.6µg, vitamin A 38µg RE(473µg carotenoids), E 1.1 mg, K 4.2 mg, B 1 0.06 mg, B 2 0.06 mg,niacin 0.6 mg, B 6 0.13 mg, folate 14 µg, pantothenate 0.2 mg, C28 mg. A 100 g serving (half fruit) is a source of vitamin E, a richsource of vitamin C.mangosteen Fruit of Garcinea mangostana, the size of an orangewith thick purple rind and sweet white pulp in segments.manihot starch See cassava.manioc See cassava.manna Dried exudate from the manna-ash tamarisk tree (Fraxinusornus). Abundant in Sicily and used as a mild laxative forchildren; it consists of 40–60% mannitol, 10–16% mannotetrose,6–16% mannotriose, plus glucose, mucilage and fraxin. This isthought to be the food eaten by the Israelites in the wilderness.Manna sugar or mannite is mannitol.manna bread A cake-like product made from crushed,sprouted wheat without yeast; said to be a recipe of the Esseneswho lived by the Dead Sea at the beginning of the Christianera.mannitol Mannite or manna sugar, a six-carbon sugar alcoholfound in beets, pumpkin, mushrooms, onions; 50–60% as sweetas sucrose. Extracted commercially from seaweed (Laminariaspp.) or by reduction of mannose (E-421).mannosans polysaccharides containing mannose.mannose A six-carbon (hexose) sugar found in small amountsin legumes, manna and some gums. Also called seminose andcarubinose.mannotetrose See stachyose.manothermosonication Method of sterilisation using mild heattreatment combined with ultrasonication and moderately raisedpressure.Manucol TM Sodium alginate.MAP Modified atmosphere packaging, see packaging, modifiedatmosphere.MAP kinases Mitogen-activated protein kinases – a family ofenzymes that catalyse phosphorylation of target enzymes inresponse to hormones including insulin and insulin-like growthfactor.maple syrup Sap of the north American sugar maple tree, Acersaccharum. Evaporated either to syrup (63% sucrose, 1.5%invert sugar, see sugar, invert) or to dry sugar for use inconfectionery.