Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

211Gentleman’s relish TM A paste of anchovies, butter, cereal, salt andspices developed in the UK in the 19th century; also called patumpeperium.geophagia Eating of dirt or soil.See also pica.geosmin Dimethyl-bicyclodecanol; microbial metabolite that cancause earthy or musty off-flavour in fish and drinking water.GEP Gas exchange preservation, see packaging, modifiedatmosphere.Gerber test For fat (cream) in milk. The milk is mixed with sulphuricacid (or detergent) and amyl alcohol; the protein and carbohydrateare dissolved, and the fat separates out. The reactionis carried out in a Gerber bottle with a thin graduated neck, inwhich the fat collects for measurement after centrifugation.germ, wheat The embryo or sprouting portion of the wheat berry,comprising about 2.5% of the seed. Contains 64% of the vitaminB 1 , 26% of the vitamin B 2 , 21% of the vitamin B 6 and most ofthe fat of the grain. It is discarded, with the bran, when the grainis milled to white flour.Wheat germ oil is 20% saturated, 16% mono-unsaturated,65% polyunsaturated, contains 149 mg vitamin E, 25 mg vitaminK/100 g.See also flour, extraction rate.geuse (gueuze) See beer.GFP See green fluorescent protein.ghatti gum Or Indian gum, polysaccharide exudate of the treeAnogeissus latifolia. The gum is formed as a protective sealantwhen the bark. Used in the same way as gum arabic.ghee (or ghrt) Clarified butter fat; may also be made from vegetableoils.Composition/100 g: water 0.2 g, 3667 kJ (876 kcal), protein0.3 g, fat 99.5 g (of which 66% saturated, 30% mono-unsaturated,4% polyunsaturated), cholesterol 256 mg, carbohydrate 0 g, Ca4mg, P 3 mg, K 5 mg, Na 2 mg, vitamin A 840µg RE (824µgretinol, 193 µg carotenoids), E 2.8 mg, K 8.6 mg.gherkin Young green cucumber of a small variety (Cucumisanguira), used mainly for pickling.ghrelin A peptide hormone secreted by cells in the gastrointestinaltract that both stimulates the secretion of growth hormoneand regulates feeding behaviour and energy balance by acting onthe hypothalamus. Secretion is increased in the fasting state andunder conditions of negative energy balance, and decreasedunder conditions of positive energy balance. Secretion isincreased in anorexia and is low in the fasting state in obesepeople.