Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

401quebracho Or aspidosperma; obtained from the bark of Aspidospermaquebrachoblanco; used as source of tannins andalkaloids.queen substance See royal jelly.quercitin A flavone (see flavonoids), found in onion skins, tea,hops and horse chestnuts. Not known to be a dietary essential orto have any function in the body.quercitol See acorn sugar.querns Pair of grinding stones used for pulverising grain (fromabout 4000–2000 bc). The lower stone was slightly hollowed andthe upper stone was rolled by hand on the lower one.Quetelet’s index See body mass index.quick breads Baked goods such as biscuits, muffins, popovers,griddles, cakes, waffles and dumplings, in which no yeast is used.The raising is carried out quickly with baking powder or otherchemical agents.quick freezing Rapid freezing of food by exposure to a blast ofair at a very low temperature. Unlike slow freezing, very smallcrystals of ice are formed, which do not rupture the cells of thefood and so the structure is relatively undamaged. A quickfrozenfood is commonly defined as one that has been cooledfrom a temperature of 0 °C to −5° or lower, in a period of notmore than 2 h and then cooled to −18 °C.QUID See quantitative ingredients declaration.quillaja (quillaia) Or soapbark; the dried bark of the shrub Quillajasaponaria, which contains saponins and tannins. Used toproduce foam in soft drinks, shampoos and fire extinguishers.quince Pear-shaped fruit of Cydonia oblongata, with flesh similarto that of the apple; sour but strong aromatic flavour whencooked; rich in pectin and used chiefly in jams and jellies.Composition/100 g: (edible portion 61%) water 84 g, 239 kJ(57 kcal), protein 0.4 g, fat 0.1 g, carbohydrate 15.3 g, fibre 1.9 g, ash0.4 g, Ca 11 mg, Fe 0.7 mg, Mg 8 mg, P 17 mg, K 197 mg, Na 4 mg, Cu0.1mg, Se 0.6µg, vitamin A 2µg RE, B 1 0.02 mg, B 2 0.03 mg, niacin0.2 mg,B 6 0.04 mg,folate 3 µg,pantothenate 0.1 mg,C 15 mg.A 90 gserving (1 fruit) is a good source of vitamin C.Japanese quince is fruit of the ornamental shrub Chaenomeleslagenaria, hard, sour and aromatic, used in preserves and jellies.quinine Bitter alkaloid extracted from bark of the cinchona tree(Cinchona officinalis), formerly used to treat or prevent malariaand in apéritif wines, bitters and tonic water.quinoa Glutinous seeds of the south American plantChenopodium album, used in Chile and Peru to make bread.Composition/100 g: water 9.3 g, 1566 kJ (374 kcal), protein13.1 g, fat 5.8 g (of which 14% saturated, 34% mono-unsaturated,