Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

332nitrogen, metabolic Nitrogen in the faeces derived from internalor endogenous sources, as distinct from nitrogen-containingdietary sources (exogenous nitrogen). This nitrogen consists ofunabsorbed digestive juices, mucus, shed intestinal mucosal cellsand intestinal bacteria, and continues to be excreted on aprotein-free diet.nitrogen trichloride See agene.nitro-keg beer conditioned in kegs under nitrogen, to give asmoother, creamier beverage than traditional conditioning undercarbon dioxide.nitrosamines N-Nitroso derivatives of amines. Found in traceamounts in mushrooms, fermented fish meal and smoked fish,and in pickled foods, where they are formed by reaction betweennitrite and amines. They cause cancer in experimental animals,but it is not known whether the small amounts in foods affecthuman beings. They are also found in human gastric juice, possiblyas a result of reaction between dietary amines and nitrites ornitrates.nitrosomyoglobin The red colour of cured meat, formed by thereaction of nitrite with myoglobin. Fades in light to yellowbrownmetmyoglobin.nitrous oxide N 2 O, a gas used as a propellant in pressurisedcontainers, e.g. to eject cream or salad dressing fromcontainers.nivalenol Trichothecene mycotoxin produced when cereals areinfected with Fusarium spp.nixtamal The paste produced by steeping maize in calciumhydroxide solution to make tortillas and tacos; the process isnixtamalisation.N-lite TM fat replacer made from starch.NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance.NO See nitric oxide.no adverse effect level (NAEL) Highest dose or intake of a compoundat which no adverse effect can be detected.See also ld 50 ; minimum lethal dose.noble rot White grapes affected by the fungus Botrytis cinerea.Itspoils the grapes if they are damaged by rain, but if they are ripeand healthy, and the weather is sunny, it causes them to shriveland concentrates the sugar, so that top-quality sweet wines canbe made.See also wine classification, germany.No Effect Level (NEL) With respect to food additives, themaximum dose of an additive that has no detectable adverseeffects.See also acceptable daily intake.