Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

413ribozyme An RNA molecule that can catalyse a chemical reaction,an enzyme composed solely of RNA, with no protein.rice Grain of Oryza sativa; the major food in many countries. Ricewhen threshed is known as paddy, and is covered with a fibroushusk making up nearly 40% of the grain.When the husk has beenremoved, brown rice is left. When the outer bran layers up to theendosperm and germ are removed, the ordinary white rice ofcommerce or polished rice is obtained (usually polished withglucose and talc).Composition/100 g: water 11.6 g, 1528 kJ (365 kcal), protein7.1 g, fat 0.7 g, carbohydrate 79.9 g (0.1 g sugars), fibre 1.3 g, ash0.6 g, Ca 28 mg, Fe 4.3 mg, Mg 25 mg, P 115 mg, K 115 mg, Na5mg, Zn 1.1mg, Cu 0.2mg, Mn 1.1mg, Se 15.1µg, vitamin E0.1 mg, K 0.1 mg, B 1 0.58 mg, B 2 0.05 mg, niacin 4.2 mg, B 6 0.16 mg,folate 231 µg, pantothenate 1 mg.A 30 g serving is a source of Mn,vitamin B 1 ,a rich source of folate.rice, American See bulgur.rice cones Granular rice particles the size of sand grains; the riceequivalent of semolina.rice, fermented South American; whole rice is moistened and leftto ferment for 10–15 days, then dried and milled. Bacterial andfungal fermentation reduces the time required for cooking –there is some loss of protein, but synthesis of vitamin b 2 .Alsoknown as arroz fermentado, arroz Amarillo or sierra rice.rice, glutinous For most dishes, separate rice grains that do notstick together in a glutinous mass are preferred. Glutinous riceis rich in soluble starch, dextrin and maltose and on boiling thegrains adhere in a sticky mass; used for sweetmeats and cakes.rice, golden Variety of rice genetically engineered to contain largeamounts of carotene.rice grass See indian rice grass.rice, hungry W African variety of millet, Digitaria exilis.rice, maize or mealie See maize rice.rice paper Smooth edible white ‘paper’ made from the pith of theTaiwanese shrub Tetrapanax papyriferus and the Indo-Pacificshrub Scaevola sericea.rice, red W. African species, Oryza glaberrima, with red branlayer.rice, synthetic See tapioca-macaroni.rice, unpolished American term; rice that has been undermilledin that the husk, germ and bran layers have been only partiallyremoved.rice vinegar Japanese; vinegar prepared from saké.rice, wild Also known as zizanie, Tuscarora rice, Indian rice andAmerican wild rice (American rice is bulgur); Zizania aquatica,