Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

137between the percentage cream layer and the percentage of fat inthe milk; in bulk pasteurised milk it is about 1.7.cream of tartar Potassium hydrogen tartrate, used with sodiumbicarbonate as baking powder because it acts more slowly thantartaric acid and gives a more prolonged evolution of carbondioxide. This is tartrate baking powder. Also used to invert sugarin making boiled sweets (see sugar, invert).cream, plastic A term used for a cream containing as much fat asbutter (80–83%) but as an emulsion of fat in water, while butteris water in fat. Prepared by intense centrifugal treatment ofcream; crumbly, not greasy, in texture; used for preparation ofcream cheese and whipped cream.cream, sleepy Cream that will not churn to butter in the normaltime.cream, synthetic See cream, artificial.creatine Amino-iminomethyl-N-methyl glycine, important inmuscle as a store of phosphate for resynthesis of atp duringmuscle contraction and work.Synthesised in the body from the amino acids glycine and arginine,and no evidence that a dietary intake is essential; there issome evidence that additional intake may enhance muscle workoutput.Meat extract contains a mixture of creatine and creatininederived from the creatine that was present in the fresh muscle.Creatine plus creatinine is used as an index of quality of commercialmeat extract, and as a measure of meat extract presentin manufactured products, such as soups.Urinary excretion of significant amounts of creatine occursonly when there is muscle loss.creatinine The anhydride of creatine, formed non-enzymicallyfrom creatine and creatine phosphate, a metabolic end-product.Urinary excretion of creatinine can be used to estimate totalmuscle mass, 1 g of creatinine excreted/24 h represents 18–20 kgof fat-free muscle tissue. The creatinine : height index is the ratioof urinary creatinine excretion over 24h/that expected forheight. It provides an index of protein depletion.creatorrhoea Excessive loss of nitrogenous compounds in faecesas a result of impaired intestinal digestion of proteins or absorptionof amino acids.creeping sickness osteomalacia in livestock due to phosphatedeficiency.crème (1) Term used for cream, custards and desserts. Crèmebrûlée is cream and egg custard with sugar sprinkled on topand caramelised under a hot grill; a traditional specialty ofTrinity College Cambridge, and also known as burnt cream or