Benders'dictionary of nutrition and food technology

468tender stretch process Process involving keeping the beef carcasestretched to prevent cold-shortening.tenesmus Persistent ineffective spasms of bladder or rectum;intestinal tenesmus commonly occurs in irritable bowelsyndrome.tensile elongation A measure of the ability of a material tostretch.tensile strength The force needed to stretch a material.tensiometer Instrument for measuring the surface tension of aliquid.tenuate Anorectic (appetite suppressing, see appetite control)drug, formerly used in the treatment of obesity.tepary bean See frijole bean.tequila Mexican; spirit (40–50% alcohol by volume) prepared bydouble distillation of fermented sap of the cultivated agave ormaguey, Agave tequilana. Mescal and pulque are similar, madefrom various species of wild agave, and have a stronger flavour.teratogen A compound that is capable of causing developmentaldefects in the fetus in utero, and hence non-genetic congenitaldefects.terpeneless oil See terpenes.terpenes Chemically consist of multiple isoprenoid (five-carbon)units. Monoterpenes consist of two isoprenoids; sesquiterpenesof three, diterpenes of four, triterpenes of six, and tetraterpenesof eight. Phytol and retinol are diterpenes; carotenes aretetraterpenes.Major components of the essential oils of citrus fruits, but notresponsible for the characteristic flavour, and since they readilyoxidise and polymerise to produce unpleasant flavours, removedfrom citrus oils by distillation or solvent extraction,leaving the socalledterpeneless oils for flavouring foods and drinks.terramycin antibiotic, also known as oxytetracycline, seetetracyclines.testa The fibrous layer between the pericarp and the inner aleuronelayer of a cereal grain.test meal See fractional test meal.tetany Spasm of twitching of muscles, caused by over-sensitivityof motor nerves to stimuli; particularly affects face, hands andfeet. Caused by low plasma ionised calcium and may occur inrickets.tetracyclines A group of closely related antibiotics includingtetracycline, oxytetracycline (terramycin) and aureomycin. Thelast two are used in some countries for preserving food and asgrowth improvers, added to animal feed at the rate of a few milligramsper tonne (prohibited in the EU).