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Neudorf, Hanover, Schönbach), Westland (Jackson’s Bay, Smoothwater Valley, Hokitika),
Canterbury (Germantown, Waimate, Hanover Valley, Marshlands, Oxford, German Bay), Otago
(Waihola, Allanton, German Hill), and Southland (Gore, Germantown). 6
Set within the backdrop of this immigration was the emergence of what is known today as
the ‘New Zealand Wars’. 7 In the beginning it was not much of a concern to European settlers if
Maori tribes fought amongst themselves, but it was another matter when it affected the colonists’
own well-being and interests. The first signs of approaching interracial conflict arose with the
confrontation at Wairau on 17 June 1843 between some forty-nine armed Nelson settlers and the
local Maori led by Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeta of the Ngati Toa in order to settle the claim
surrounding the disputed land which the Europeans incorrectly assumed rights to. Among the
dead were the Police Magistrate Henry Augustus Thompson and Arthur Wakefield, an outcome
which left a bitter taste in the mouths of many settlers, especially when no systematic retaliation
was made by the Government. 8 The major conflicts that followed between 1845 and 1872
consisted of the Northern War (1845-46) in the Bay of Islands led by the Ngapuhi chiefs Hone
Heke and Kawiti, 9 the Taranaki War (1860-61) to the north and south of New Plymouth which
involved both the southern Taranaki tribes and the King Movement, a movement which in itself
6 For further information, see Gertraut Maria Stoffel, “Die Beziehungen zwischen Österreich und Neuseeland im
neunzehnten Jahrhundert”, in: Welt für sich, 32-46; Rolf Panny, “Deutsche Siedlungen im Rangitikei-Gebiet”, in:
ibid., 79-83; James N. Bade, “Subventionierte Einwanderer aus dem Deutschen Reich, die sich in der südlichen
Hälfte der Nordinsel niederließen”, in: ibid., 84-91; Judith Williams, “Die böhmische Siedlung in Puhoi”, in: ibid.,
92-102; Pauline Morris, “Deutsche Siedlungen in Otago und Southland”, in: ibid., 103-13; James N. Bade, “Deutsche
Siedlungen in Canterbury und Westland”, in: ibid., 114-22; Hans-Peter Stoffel, “Schweizer Siedler in Neuseeland”,
in: ibid., 123-36; James N. Bade, “What Happened to the Germans? Ethnicity Problems among Assisted Immigrants
from the German Empire who Settled in the Lower North Island in the 1870s”, in: North and South, 69-76; Wilfried
Heller (in collaboration with James Braund), The ‘Bohemians’ in New Zealand – An Ethnic Group? Auckland:
Research Centre for Germanic Connections with New Zealand and the Pacific, University of Auckland, 2005;
Carsten Felgentreff, Egerländer in Neuseeland: zur Entwicklung einer Einwandererkolonie (1863-1989). Göttingen:
Selbstverlag Abteilung Kultur- und Sozialgeographie, Geographisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, 1989.
7 See, for example, Edmund Bohan, Climates of War: New Zealand in Conflict, 1859-69. Christchurch: Hazard Press,
2005; Peter Maxwell, Frontier: The Battle for the North Island of New Zealand 1860-1872. Auckland: Celebrity
Books for Waitekauri Publishing, 2000; James Belich, The New Zealand Wars and the Victorian Interpretation of
Racial Conflict. 2 nd Ed. Auckland: Penguin, 1998; Neil Finlay, Sacred Soil: Images and Stories of the New Zealand
Wars. Auckland: Random House, 1998; Ryan and Parham, Colonial NZ Wars; Keith Sinclair, The Origins of the
Maori Wars. 2 nd Ed. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1961; James Cowan, The New Zealand Wars: A History
of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period. 2 vols. Reprinted with amendments. Wellington: Hasselberg,
1983.
8 See Patricia Burns, Te Rauparaha: A New Perspective. Wellington: Reed, 1980, esp. 232-49; Steven Oliver, “Te
Rauparaha ? – 1849: Ngati Toa leader”, in: DNZB 1, 504-7; Angela Ballara, “Te Rangihaeata ? – 1855: Ngati Toa
leader, warrior”, in: ibid., 488-91; J. L. Andrews. The Wairau Massacre: Mindsets of the 1840s. Blenheim: Author,
1999; Temple, Sort of Conscience, 311-22, 351-62; Allan, Nelson, 241-308.
9 See Belich, NZ Wars, 29-70; Ryan and Parham, Colonial NZ Wars, 15-28; Paul Moon, Hone Heke: Nga Puhi
Warrior. Auckland: Ling, 2001; Freda Rankin Kawharu, “Heke Pokai, Hone Wiremu ? – 1850: Nga Puhi leader, war
leader”, in: DNZB 1, 184-87; Kene Hine Te Uira Martin, “Kawiti, Te Ruki ? – 1854: Nga Puhi leader, warrior”, in:
ibid., 219-21.
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