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Alle origini del mito letterario di Maria Stuarda in Italia

Alle origini del mito letterario di Maria Stuarda in Italia

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<strong>del</strong>l’o<strong>di</strong>o provato per i Guisa e <strong>del</strong> sostegno ai Borbone, nemici giurati <strong>del</strong>la<br />

scozzese. In effetti, l’atteggiamento passivo <strong>del</strong> re nei confronti <strong>del</strong>l’evento<br />

sarà una <strong>del</strong>le motivazioni che scateneranno le ribellioni dei cattolici francesi,<br />

sostenute e istigate dai Guisa, e l’o<strong>di</strong>o tra le fazioni porterà <strong>in</strong> seguito alla<br />

morte <strong>del</strong> Car<strong>di</strong>nale <strong>di</strong> Guisa prima 364 e <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>e <strong>del</strong>lo stesso re 365 . Come anche<br />

Matt<strong>in</strong>gly sostiene nella sua riflessione sui fatti <strong>di</strong> Fother<strong>in</strong>ghay 366 ,<br />

sembrerebbe che Enrico III, preoccupato dal potere degli avversi Guisa,<br />

<strong>in</strong>dugiasse sul da farsi temendo più l’<strong>in</strong>imicizia degli <strong>in</strong>glesi che la morte <strong>di</strong><br />

una reg<strong>in</strong>a, riflessione che abbiamo trovato <strong>in</strong> numerose relazioni.<br />

L’atteggiamento nei confronti <strong>del</strong>la <strong>del</strong>egazione <strong>in</strong>glese, e <strong>del</strong>l’Inghilterra <strong>in</strong><br />

generale, sarebbe allora il frutto <strong>di</strong> una ostilità dovuta più che sentita.<br />

Notizie più precise circa gli avvenimenti <strong>di</strong> Fother<strong>in</strong>ghay sono contenute<br />

nella missiva <strong>di</strong> Mendoza <strong>del</strong> 7 marzo <strong>di</strong>retta a Filippo II, con numerose<br />

<strong>in</strong>formazioni che il <strong>di</strong>plomatico riferisce tratte <strong>in</strong><strong>di</strong>rettamente dal racconto <strong>di</strong><br />

Châteauneuf, <strong>di</strong>ffuso dallo stesso Enrico III.<br />

Giovanni Dolf<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>vece riferisce al Senato nella missiva <strong>del</strong> 13 marzo 367 .<br />

364 Luigi <strong>di</strong> Guisa (1555-1588).<br />

365 Informazioni più dettagliate sul comportamento <strong>di</strong> Enrico III nei confronti <strong>del</strong>la<br />

questione <strong>Stuarda</strong> <strong>in</strong> A. WILKINSON, op. cit.<br />

366 G. MATTINGLY, The Defeat…, cit.<br />

367 La relazione contenuta nella missiva è riprodotta <strong>in</strong> S. ROMANIN, Storia documentata <strong>di</strong><br />

Venezia, VI, Venezia, Dalla tipografia <strong>di</strong> Pietro Naratovich, 1857, pp. 401-405. I suoi <strong>di</strong>spacci<br />

sono collezionati nel CSP Venice, Volume 8, 1581-1591 (1894), <strong>in</strong> particolare la missiva <strong>del</strong><br />

13 marzo è alle pp. 249-261. La maggior parte è <strong>in</strong> traduzione <strong>in</strong>glese. Non essendo riuscita a<br />

reperire la versione italiana <strong>del</strong>la missiva <strong>del</strong> 13 marzo, ne riporto quantomeno la traduzione:<br />

«The Ambassador of England and the English Agent, the day when they went to Bellievre to<br />

give an account of the death of the Queen of Scotland, be<strong>in</strong>g unable to obta<strong>in</strong> an au<strong>di</strong>ence of<br />

the K<strong>in</strong>g, presented to the Secretary a letter from the Queen addressed to his Majesty; <strong>in</strong> this<br />

letter the Queen laments bitterly that, after hav<strong>in</strong>g signed the warrant, and given it to Davison<br />

to keep merely because she <strong>in</strong>tended <strong>in</strong> this way to satisfy the demands of her subjects, but not<br />

to make use of it, he was so rash as to have overstepped his commission. She shows herself<br />

very sorry for the result, and would make public demonstration of that grief. The Ambassador<br />

declared that the Queen had caused Davison to be arrested, and had deprived him of his office;<br />

while she herself had taken to her bed ow<strong>in</strong>g to the great grief she suffered through this<br />

untoward event. Letters have also arrived from the Ambassador l'Aubesp<strong>in</strong>e, which conta<strong>in</strong> a<br />

full account of the unhappy deed; and I enclose a copy which I procured from a person of great<br />

consideration. L'Aubesp<strong>in</strong>e also reports that the Londoners sent to request him to give them<br />

wood for a bonfire to be lit <strong>in</strong> sign of joy. When he refused they made a great bonfire <strong>in</strong> front<br />

of his door which lasted more than two hours. As this has caused great irritation here the<br />

English Ambassador has declared that all the bonfires and bell r<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g took place on a sudden,<br />

when Lord Shrewsbury's son passed through with news of the execution, and that the Queen<br />

knew noth<strong>in</strong>g about it, as she was three leagues out of London at her usual palace. When the<br />

K<strong>in</strong>g received this news he ordered the English Ambassador to be warned aga<strong>in</strong>st leav<strong>in</strong>g his<br />

house, for he ran the risk of receiv<strong>in</strong>g some great affront to his honour and peril to his life from<br />

the people of Paris, which is greatly <strong>in</strong>censed at this occurrence <strong>in</strong> England. Accor<strong>di</strong>ngly the<br />

Ambassador has not left his residence, no more has the English Agent. The action of the<br />

French is <strong>in</strong>tended as an equivalent to the Queen's action towards l'Aubesp<strong>in</strong>e, to whom she<br />

143

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