14 - 17

SUPRATMAN, Frial
Abdulhamid II’s Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia 1876-1909
After closing the parliament, European states esteemed that Ottoman Empire was under dictatorship government.
Abdulhamid’s goal had changed because he would like to create the integrity of Ottoman Empire. He used Islam
as ideology to unite Muslims in the world. Because of this goal, Abdulhamid spreaded foreign policy based on Muslim
solidarity in all Ottoman territory even beyond its territory such as Southeast Asia. In 1865 Ottoman embassy in Singapore
was opened and She had planned to open embassy in Batavia, Netherland Indies, but Dutch refused the plan. Finally, Abdulhamid
II opened Ottoman embassy at Batavia in 1897. This paper shows Abdulhamid II foreign policy in Southeast Asia.
It will be connecting Abdulhamid II’s Islamist ideology with the anti-colonial act in Southeast Asia area such as Java and
Sumatera because there was a big deal of Muslim populations there. Based on the argument, I argue that as Caliph, Abdulhamid
II played Abdulhamid policy played symbolic power .This paper will encompass 1876-1909 because the period started
when Abdulhamid enthroned until the end of his reign was the crucial time for the Muslim in the world such as in Southeast
Asia. Within this paper, I use diplomacy, transnational and global history approach. The transnational history especially
between Indonesia and Ottoman Empire is still rare examined because it must connect the history of one area to others. In
spite of those, I will use primary archives provided in BOA (Ottoman Prime Minister Archives) especially from Yıldız Evrak.
|229