Le littoral de la Province Nord en Nouvelle-Calédonie: Quel ...

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tel-00641510, version 1 - 16 Nov 2011 Planche E. Les paysages de l’Extrême Nord Clichés, Bodmer, D., 26/08/2004 ; Bodmer, L., 20/01/2011; cliché du tanne Lacroix, J., 04/11/2010 132
tel-00641510, version 1 - 16 Nov 2011 La plupart des écrits tendent à délimiter ce lagon nord depuis Koumac jusqu’au « Grand Passage » au nord après les Bélep et l’île Balabio à l’est. Cet espace lagonaire peut atteindre des profondeurs de l’ordre de 60 m plus au nord, mais en général les profondeurs sont de l’ordre d’une quarantaine de mètres. Les fonds meubles sont importants, notamment par l’abondance des apports terrigènes du Diahot, ce qui ne permet pas le développement de récifs intermédiaires ou intra-lagonaires, qui sont ainsi peu visibles dans cette zone. Le récif barrière a la particularité d’être pratiquement continu sur plus de 200 km (Grand récif de Cook à l’Est et Grand Récif des Français et Grand Récif des Nénéma à l’Ouest), compte tenu du petit nombre de passes (Passe de Yandé, de Poum) et il s’élargit à l’est en aboutissant sur un vaste espace récifal au nord de l’île Balabio, très peu accessible (www.ifrecor.nc). II.3.2.2. La Côte Ouest Elle offre pareillement des paysages plus ouverts, avec de larges baies (Baie de Gomen à Kaala-Gomen, Baie Chasseloup à Voh, Baie Kataviti à Koné, Baie Blanche à Pouembout, Baies de Népoui, Muéo et Porwi à Poya) et des anses (Anses Pouanga, Pouaco, Vavuto à Voh, Mondoni à Poya) souvent colonisées par une mangrove, pouvant dans certains lieux n’être que résiduelles. Les aspects physiques, « sauvages », isolés de l’Extrême Nord, laissent place à davantage d’espaces agricoles (souvent des stations d’élevage d’ovins, de bovins, de cervidés, de chevaux, voire des cultures de maïs, de pommes de terre, de tubercules, de cucurbitacées pour l’essentiel), notamment avec l’apparition de plus en plus fréquente de grandes plaines littorales depuis Koumac et jusqu’à Poya. Les voies de communication s’étoffent également, avec des routes, des aérodromes, un port de plaisance et de pêche hauturière à Koumac et quantité de débarcadères pour les pêcheurs à chaque village. Ces zones alluviales, le long de cette côte basse, présentent des formes diversifiées depuis les plaines alluviales (Plaine des Gaïacs, de la Pouembout, de la Koné…), les plaines sédimentaires bordées de plages (celles de Pindaï, de Franco, de Foué, de Gatope…), de lagunes, de deltas où la mangrove et les tannes donnent aux usagers du littoral des activités comme la pêche, l’aquaculture, le tourisme… Vers le sud, le littoral quelque peu accidenté propose d’autres formes en bordure de zones collinaires, avec quelques presqu’îles connues comme celles de Gatope à Voh, Pinjen et Foué à Koné, Pindaï, Muéo (Népoui), Nékoro et Béco (Népou) à Poya. 133
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