Concise-Pali-Han-UTF.. - 法雨道場

1.(adv.& prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with Abl.or Loc.), over(para Gangāya, v.l.°āyaŋ).-- 2.(adj.) para followsthe pron.declension; cases:sg.Nom.paro, Acc.paraŋ, Gen.Dat.parassa, Instr.parena, Loc.paramhi Sn 634, and pare;pl.Nom.pare, Acc.pare, Gen.Dat.paresaṁ, Instr.parehi.-- Meanings:(a) beyond, i.e."higher" in space (like Ved.paraas opp. to avara lower), as well as "further" in time (i.e.future, to come, or also remote, past:see Loc.pare under c.),freq.in phrase paro loko the world beyond, the world (i.e.life) to come, the beyond or future life (opp. ayaŋ loko)(asmā lokā paraŋ lokaŋ na socati), (asmiŋ loke paramhi ca); (paramhi loke); (id.=paraloke); but also in other comb n ,like santi-para (adj.) higher than calm.Cp.paraloka, paraŋ and paro.-- (b) another, other, adj.as well as n.,pl.others(parassa dāraŋ nâtikkameyya), (paresaṁ, cp.Nd 1 150); (ko paro who else), (pare others); (parassa dānaṁ);II.9 43 (pare, Loc.= paramhi parassa);(Gen.pl.); (paresaṁ Dat.) (parassa purisassa & paraŋ purisaŋ).Often contrastedwith and opposed to attano (one’s own, oneself), (paraṁ vambheti attānaŋ ukkaŋseti);(attānaṁ samukkaṁse paraṁavajānāti); (paresaṁ, opp. attanā); (att-attha opp. par-attha, see cpds.°ajjhāsaya & °attha).-- paro ...paro "theone ...the other" (kiŋ hi paro parassa karissati); paro paraŋ one another (paro paraŋ nikubbetha). In a special sense wefind pare pl.in the meaning of "the others," i.e.outsiders, aliens (to the religion of the Buddha), enemies, opponents(like Vedic pare) (=paṭiviruddhā sattā).-- (c) some oblique cases in special meaning and used as adv.:paraṁAcc.sg.m.see under cpds., like parantapa; as nt.adv.see sep.In phrase puna ca paraŋ would be better read punac’aparaŋ (see apara).--parena (Instr.) later on, afterwards (=aparena samayena C.).--pare (Loc.); in the past, before,yet earlier (where it continues ajja and hiyyo, i.e.to-day and yesterday, and refers to the day beforeyesterday.Similarly at Vin IV.63 pare is contrasted with ajja & hiyyo and may mean "in future," or "the day beforeyesterday." It is of interest to notice the Ved.use of pare as "in the future" opp. to adya & śvas); (the day beforeyesterday).(sve vā pare vā) and in the sense of "on the day after tomorrow." --parā (only apparently Abl., in realityeither para+a° which represents the vocalic beginning of the second part of the cpd., or para+ā which is thedirectional prefix ā, emphasizing para.The latter expl n is more in the spirit of the Pali language):see separately.--paro(old Abl.as adv.=Sk.paras) beyond further:see sep.--parato (Abl.) in a variety of expressions and shades of meaning,viz.(1) from another, as regards others(attano parato ca).-- (2) from the point of view of "otherness," i.e.as strange orsomething alien, as an enemy (in "anicca"--passage);Miln.418 and passim; in phrase parato disvā "seen as notmyself"(saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato mā ca attato).(3) on the other side of, away from, beyond(kuḍḍānaŋ).-- (4)further, afterwards, later on.-- Note.The compounds with para° are combinations either with para 1 (adv.prep.), orpara 2 (adj.n.).Those containing para in form parā and in meaning "further on to" see separately under parā°.See alsopāra, pārima etc.--ajjhāsaya intent on others (opp. att°).--attha (parattha, to be distinguished from adv.parattha, q.v.sep.) the profit orwelfare of another (opp. attattha).--âdhīna dependent on others(=paresu adhīno parass’eva ruciyā pavattati);(°vuttika); (°vutti, paresaṁ bhāraŋ vahanto).--ûpakkama aggression of an enemy, violence.--ûpaghāta injuringothers, cruelty.--ûpaghātin killing others(=paraŋ upahananto).--ûpavāda reproaching others.--kata see paraṅkata.--kamma service of others, °kārin serving others.--kāra see below under paraṅkāra.--kula clan of another,strange or alien clan.--kkanta [para° or parā° *krānta?] walked (by another? or gone over?).--kkama (parā+kram)exertion, endeavour, effort, strife (daḷha°); (purisa°); (purisa°);; adj.(-°) sacca° one who strives after thetruth.--kkamati [*parakramati] to advance, go forward, exert oneself, undertake, show courage(ger.parakkamma);(imper. parakkāma, v.l.parakkama)(=payogaŋ karoti).--kkaroti [either for parā+kṛ or more likelyparas+kṛ, cp.paro] lit."to put on the opposite side," i.e.to remove, do away with(corresponding to apaneti, C.expl ns as"parato kāreti," taking parato in the sense of para 2 c 3), (mā parākari=mā pariccaji C.).--gatta alien body, trsl."limbsthat are not thou".--gavacaṇḍa violent against the cows of another (opp. sakagavacaṇḍa, cp.PugA 226:yo attanogogaṇaŋ ghaṭṭeti, paragogaṇe pana so rato sukhasīlo hoti etc.).--(n)kata made by something or somebody else,extra-self, extraneous, alien(nayidaŋ attakataŋ bimbaŋ nayidaŋ parakataŋ aghaŋ); with ref.to loka & dukkha andopposed to sayaṅkata.--(n)kāra condition of otherness, other people, alienity(opp. ahaṅkara 自 我 selfhood).--cittathe mind or heart of others.--jana a stranger, enemy, demon, fig.devil (cp.Sk.itarajana) --tthaddha [parā+tthaddha]propped against, founded on, relying on (with Loc.) (=upatthadda C.).--tthabbha is to be read for °tthambha at, inmeaning=°tthaddha (kismiŋ).--dattûpajīvin living on what is given by others, dependent on another’s gift.--davuttasee sep.under parada --dāra the wife of another, somebody else’s wife (°sevanā) (°upasevin, cp.DhA III.482);303