impactos da adoção das novas tecnologias bpm ... - GVpesquisa

GV Pesquisa
Centro de Estudos em
Tecnologia de Informação para Governo
• "Collusion" is a private agreement between two or more parts, with the intention to disapoint or to cause
damages to a person or entity, or to get an illicit end.
Bhatnagar defines three types of corruption in Government to Citizen Contact and quotes examples and
applications of ICT use with impact on corruption:
• Administrative corruption (bribe)
‣ Service is denied unless bribe is paid
‣ Service is delayed unless bribe is paid
• Collusion (both parties gain at the expense of Government)
‣ Favored allocation when mismatch between supply and demand
‣ Lower valuation by Tax collection agencies
‣ Waiving of penalties and fines
‣ Tempering government records to provide unfair advantage
• Extortion
‣ Law enforcers, tax collectors make patently unreasonable demands to extort a bribe
Bannon states that “corruption is widespread in many developing and transition economies, not because their
people are different from people elsewhere, but because conditions are ripe for it. The motivation to earn income
through corrupt practices is extremely strong, exacerbated by poverty and by low and declining civil service
salaries. Coupled with a strong motivation is the fact that there are ample opportunities available to engage in
corruption.”
The World Bank settled on a straightforward definition of corruption: the abuse of public office for private gain,
which occurs when “an official accepts, solicits, or extorts a bribe. It is also abused when private agents actively
offer bribes to circumvent public policies and processes for competitive advantage and profit. Public office can
also be abused for personal benefit even if bribery does not occur, through patronage and nepotism, the theft of
state assets, or the diversion of state revenues” (Bannon).
In many countris, corruption is systemic in the public sector, which makes it almost impossible for to do business
with government without participating in bribery. Unfortunately, Brazil has had one of the most systemic curruption
in the world, mainly in recent years ou Luis Inácio Lula da Silva government. This makes e-government yet more
important in a country like ours.
Bannon also states that “while it is important to control fraud and corruption in the private sector, public sector
corruption is arguably a more serious problem in developing countries, and controlling it may be a prerequisite for
addressing private sector corruption. … Adverse effects of corruption quantified in recent studies include:
• Reducing investment and hence growth, by increasing costs and uncertainty;
• Reducing spending on health and education, because these expenditures do not lend themselves easily to
corrupt practices on the part of those who control the budget strings;
• Reducing spending on operations and maintenance for reasons similar to the point above;
• Increasing public investment because public projects are easier to manipulate by public officials and private
bidders;
• Reducing the productivity of public investment and infrastructure;
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