impactos da adoção das novas tecnologias bpm ... - GVpesquisa

GV Pesquisa
Centro de Estudos em
Tecnologia de Informação para Governo
• Reducing tax revenues due to corrupt tax and customs administration; and
• Reducing direct foreign investment because corruption acts as a tax—the less predictable the level of
corruption (the higher its variance), the greater its impact on foreign investment. A higher variance makes
corruption act like an unpredictable and random tax”.
One of the most important sources of corruption and fraud is public procurement and contract management
systems, which is one of the areas where e-government applications may bring its most powerful effects. São
Paulo State has reduced in more that 25 % its materials and services costs only by adopting a good e-
procurement system. Since 1995, São Paulos State has got a reduction in ts contracts value of more than R$ 10
billion (which means more than US$ 6 billion). (Coen).
The importance of e-government and ITC in frauds and corruption fighting
World Bank defines that “E-Government” refers to the use by government agencies of information technologies
(such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with
citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends:
better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with business and industry, citizen
empowerment through access to information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits
can be less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions
(World Bank (www.worldbank.org)).
According Global Business Dialogue on Electronic Commerce (GBDe), e-Government refers to a situation in
which administrative, legislative and judicial agencies (including both central and local governments) digitize their
internal and external operations and utilize networked systems efficiently to realize better quality in the provision of
public services.
E-government includes:
• Providing greater access to government information;
• Promoting civic engagement by enabling the public to interact with government officials;
• Making government more accountable by making its operations more transparent and thus reducing the
opportunities for corruption; and
• Providing development opportunities, especially benefiting rural and traditionally underserved communities.
However, e-government is not a one-step process or implemented as a single project. It is evolutionary in nature,
involving multiple stages or phases of development (Aoema, accessed in 11/01/2005).
There are some well-known e-government stages classifications, some of which are summarized below: the
Gartner Group model, the United Nations Model and the World Bank Model. It is not our intention to detail here
each of those models, but to get what they have in common and construct a framework that shall be valuable to
analyze the frauds and corruption factor.
In the Gartner model (Baum e Di Maio, 2000), there are four e-government stages: presence, interaction,
transaction and transformation.
The World Bank model uses a 3 Phases of E-Government: publish, interact and transact.
The United Nations, by its side, has a four stage e-government model: emerging, enhanced, interactive,
transactional and seamless.
We will adopt the following model (Aoema, accessed in 11/01/2005), which uses some of the main concepts of
those three models – for each stage a brief comment on how frauds and corruption fighting is presented:
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