Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs
NATURAL RANGE: Southern Europe
REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Facciola 1990, Guia Rural 1990, Guia
Rural n.d., Leung 1961, Mabberley 1987, Usher 1974, Yamaguchi 1983
Betonica officinalis L. [syn. Stachys officinalis (L.) Trev.]
FAMILY: Labiatae or Lamiaceae (mint)
ENGLISH: betony, bishop’s wort
SPANISH: betónica
USES/NOTES: White tubers and shoots are eaten cooked in the western
U.S. and Eurasia. Also medicinal.
NATURAL RANGE: Eurasia
REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Facciola 1990, Fernald et al. 1958,
Kirk 1970, Mabberley 1987, Zarucchi 1998
Betula lenta L.
FAMILY: Betulaceae (birch)
ENGLISH: American birch, black birch, cherry birch, sweet birch
SPANISH: abedul
USES/NOTES: Sap is made into various brews including birch beer, young
twigs and root bark are used for tea, and inner bark can be made
into flour as an emergency food. Leaves and twigs are ground up,
then added to vinegar. Birch barrels are used to age beverages.
NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America from Ontario to Alabama
REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Facciola 1990, FNAEC 1997, Harris
1972, Mabberley 1987, Tomikel 1986
Betula pubescens subsp. pubescens Ehrh. [syn. B. alba L.]
FAMILY: Betulaceae (birch)
ENGLISH: downy birch, European white birch, paper birch, pubescent
birch, white birch
PORTUGUESE: betula
SPANISH: abedul, abedul pubescente
USES/NOTES: Inner bark can be made into flour, leaves may be used for
tea, and sap has been used for wine or vinegar. Also medicinal. B.
alba may not be an accepted synonym.
NATURAL RANGE: Europe, naturalized in North America
REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Bourke et al. 1987, FNAEC 1997,
Mabberley 1987, Tomikel 1986, Yanovsky 1936
Bidens bigelovii Gray
FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower)
ENGLISH: beggar’s ticks
USES/NOTES: Native Americans in Texas made a beverage from the
flowers.
NATURAL RANGE: Southwestern U.S. and Mexico
REFERENCES: Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936
Bidens pilosa L.
FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower)
DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE
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