Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: Anochili and Tindall 1986, Ayala Flores 1984, Bailey Hortorium 1976, Boom 1987, Boswell 1989, Damp and Pearsall 1994, Facciola 1990, Guia Rural n.d., IBGE 1980, Madsen 1991, Omawale 1973 Gossypium herbaceum L. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) ENGLISH: levant cotton, short-staple American cotton USES/NOTES: Seed is a source of cottonseed oil used in cooking, to make margarine, and as a lard substitute, pressed into an edible cake, roasted, or as a coffee substitute. Leaf is edible and boll contains a minor textile fiber. NATURAL RANGE: Africa, Asia Minor, and India REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Facciola 1990, León 1987, Uphof 1968 Gossypium hirsutum L. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) ENGLISH: buck cotton, cotton, upland cotton PORTUGUESE: algodão, algodão-branco SPANISH: algodón USES/NOTES: Boll is the principal commercial cotton source. Fruit and seed are edible after removing the toxic gossypol, and seeds are the source of the commercially important and edible cottonseed oil. Boiled leaves are used to make medicinal baths. NATURAL RANGE: Middle America from Mexico to the Caribbean coast of South America, the West Indies, and South Florida, perhaps first domesticated in Mexico’s Yucatán REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Branch and Silva 1983, Facciola 1990, Ford 1984, Guia Rural n.d., León 1987, Omawale 1973, Purseglove 1968, Sauer 1993 Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urban [syn Banisteria lupuloides L.] FAMILY: Rhamnaceae (buckthorn) ENGLISH: chew stick USES/NOTES: Bitter stems have been used like hops to flavor beer. Also chewed to clean teeth. NATURAL RANGE: Central America, West Indies, and Florida REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Mabberley 1987, Morton 1977 Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urban FAMILY: Rhamnaceae (buckthorn) SPANISH: limpia dientes USES/NOTES: Leaves have been used like hops to flavor beer. NATURAL RANGE: Mexico to northern South America, the West Indies, and Florida REFERENCES: Alcorn 1984, Facciola 1990, Williams 1981 Goupia glabra Aublet FAMILY: Celastraceae (spindle tree) or Goupiaceae (goupia) DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 346
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs PORTUGUESE: cupiúba USES/NOTES: Red to nearly black fruits are eaten by the Ka’apor of Brazil. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia and the Guianas to Panama REFERENCES: Balée 1994, Mabberley 1987, Silva et al. 1977 Greigia sodiroana Mez FAMILY: Bromeliaceae (pineapple) SPANISH: guicondo USES/NOTES: Fruit is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Ecuador REFERENCES: Bennett 2000, Luther 1989, Smith and Downs 1979 Greigia sphacelata (Ruiz & Pavón) Regel FAMILY: Bromeliaceae (pineapple) PORTUGUESE: chapéu SPANISH: chupón, chupones, guicondo USES/NOTES: Fruit is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Chile REFERENCES: Bennett 2000, Mabberley 1987, Martin et al. 1987, Usher 1974 Grias cauliflora L. FAMILY: Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut) ENGLISH: anchovy pear, wild mammy SPANISH: jaguay, jaguillo, madre de cocoa, membrillo, paco, pera de ancho, sacha mangua USES/NOTES: Pear-shaped, unripe fruit is eaten raw or pickled. NATURAL RANGE: perhaps Jamaica, or elswhere in the West Indies, and Colombia REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Facciola 1990, Mabberley1987, Martin et al. 1987, Prance and Mori 1979 Grias haughtii R. Knuth FAMILY: Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut) USES/NOTES: Fruit is consumed raw or cooked into a syrup. NATURAL RANGE: Northwestern Colombia REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987, Prance and Mori 1979 Grias neuberthii J.F. Macbr. [syn. G. loretensis R. Knuth] FAMILY: Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut) ENGLISH: anchovy pear SPANISH: cocora, cocorro, pepe guare, sacha mango, sacha mangue, wingaca USES/NOTES: Fruits and seeds are edible, the former typically as an emergency food by the Waorani. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonian Peru and Ecuador REFERENCES: Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Davis and Yost 1983, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Macbride 1941, Martin et al. 1987, Prance and Mori 1979 DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 347
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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