Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Planting outside its native range, although widely practiced, is potentially probelmatic as this tree escapes easily from cultivation to become invasive under favorable conditions. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Mexico and Guatemala, naturalized and pestiferous in many warm regions from Brazil to Florida to parts of the Old World REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Duke and Vásquez 1994, FLEPPC 2003, Guia Rural n.d., Kermath (notes), Morton 1976a, Myers 1992, NAS 1977, Nelson 1994, Oakes 1968, Parrotta 2002, Smith et al. 1992, Vietmeyer 1986 Leucaena pulverulenta (Schltr.) Benth. FAMILY: Fabaceae or Leguminosae subfam. Mimosoideae (bean or pea) ENGLISH: great leadtree, leadtree, leucaena PORTUGUESE: leucena SPANISH: palo haux, tepehuaje USES/NOTES: Fruit pod is cooked with chili or fermented to make pulque and young shoots are eaten as a vegetable. The hybrid, L. pulverulenta x L. leucocephala grows rapidly and is cold hardy but susceptible to pests. NATURAL RANGE: South Texas through Mexico REFERENCES: Alcorn 1984, Brewbaker and Sorensson 1990, Smith et al. 1992 Leucanthemum integrifolium (Richards.) DC. [syn. Chrysanthemum integrifolium Steetz in Seemann] FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: chop suey greens, entireleaf daisy, garland chrysanthemum USES/NOTES: Young stems and leaves are eaten as a cooked vegetable. NATURAL RANGE: Eurasia REFERENCES: Berendsohn and Araniva de González 1989b, Facciola 1990 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. [syn. L. leucanthemum (L.) Rydb., Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.] FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: daisy, dog daisy, marguerite, moon daisy, ox-eye daisy SPANISH: hierba amarilla, marguerite USES/NOTES: Young, aromatic leaves are added to salads or cooked as greens. NATURAL RANGE: Eurasia, widely naturalized in the Americas REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Mabberley 1987, Peterson 1977, Tomikel 1986 Levisticum officinale (Baillon) Koch FAMILY: Umbelliferae or Apiaceae (carrot) ENGLISH: bladderseed, lovage PORTUGUESE: levístico USES/NOTES: Leaves are eaten as a potherb, rhizomes are used as a spice, and fruits are added to flavor foods and liqueurs. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Europe DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 424
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: Brouk 1975, Mabberley 1987, Nuemann n.d., Uphof 1968 Lewisia rediviva Pursh FAMILY: Portulacaceae (purslane) ENGLISH: bitterroot, bitterroot lewisia USES/NOTES: Edible roots have been appreciated by Amerindians. Nuts must be eaten cooked to remove bitterness. NATURAL RANGE: Western North America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Gibbons and Tucker 1979, Harrington 1967, Kirk 1970, Mabberley 1987, Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. FAMILY: Gramineae or Poaceae (grass) ENGLISH: sea lyme-grass, strand wheat USES/NOTES: Seeds are eaten like rice and other cereal grains. NATURAL RANGE: North temperate regions, introduced to temperate South America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Fernald et al. 1958, Marticorena and Quezada 1985 Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) Löve [syn. Elymus condensatus J. Presl] FAMILY: Gramineae or Poaceae (grass) ENGLISH: giant rye, giant wild rye USES/NOTES: Amerindians made flour from the seeds. NATURAL RANGE: North America REFERENCES: Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev [syn. Elymus racemosus Lam.] FAMILY: Gramineae or Poaceae (grass) ENGLISH: Volga wild rye USES/NOTES: Seeds and tender roots are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Southeastern Europe REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Kartesz 1994 Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilger [syn. Elymus triticoides Buckley] FAMILY: Gramineae or Poaceae (grass) ENGLISH: beardless wild rye, squaw grass, wild beardless rye, wild rye, wild wheat USES/NOTES: Amerindians ate the ground seeds in porridge and bread. NATURAL RANGE: Western U.S. and Mexico REFERENCES: Hickman 1993, Kirk 1970, Medsger 1939, Uphof 1968 Liatris punctata Hook. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: blazing star, dotted button-snake-root, dotted gay feather, gayfeather, Kansas gayfeather, starwort USES/NOTES: Roots are eaten cooked. NATURAL RANGE: Western North America DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 425
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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