Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs USES/NOTES: Edible seeds sometimes are mixed with those of T. cacao. NATURAL RANGE: Colombia REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987, Schultes 1958 Herrania camargoana R. Schultes [syn. Theobroma camargoanum (R. Schultes) Ducke] FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) USES/NOTES: Ground seeds are used to flavor meat. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonian Venezuela to the Colombian Chocó REFERENCES: Mabberley 1987, Schultes 1958 Herrania mariae (Mart.) Decne. ex Goudot var. mariae [syn. Abroma mariae Mart., Theobroma mariae (Mart.) Schumann] FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cacaoti, cacau-quadrado, cacaurana, cacauú, cacau-jacaré SPANISH: cacao, chocolate USES/NOTES: Seed and fruit pulp are edible. NATURAL RANGE: widespread in Amazonia REFERENCES: Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Cavalcante 1991, Martin et al. 1987, Shanley and Medina 2005, Silva et al. 1977 Herrania nitida (Poeppig) R. Schultes [syn. Abroma nitida Poeppig, Theobroma nitidum (Poeppig) K. Schum. nomen illegit.] FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cacau-jacaré SPANISH: boginca, cacahuillo USES/NOTES: Fruits are edible and seeds are medicinal. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonian Ecuador and Peru REFERENCES: Cerón 1995, Davis and Yost 1983, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Macbride 1956, Schultes 1958, UFA/NYBG n.d., Vásquez 1997 Hesperis matronalis L. FAMILY: Cruciferae (mustard) or Brassicaceae (brassica) ENGLISH: dame’s rocket, dame’s violet, garden rocket, mother-of-theevening, purple rocket, rocket, scented rocket, sweet rocket, vesper-flower, white rocket USES/NOTES: Piquant leaves are eaten fresh in salads, seeds are an edible oil source, and seed sprouts are eaten in salads. NATURAL RANGE: Central Europe, widely naturalized REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Fernald 1950, Grieve 1931, PFAF n.d., Uphof 1968, Zuloaga 1997 Hesperomeles ferruginea (Pers.) Benth. [syn. H. lanuginosa Ruiz & Pavón ex Hook. nomen illegit., Eriobotrya cordata Lindl.] FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) SPANISH: cerote, coca coca, norito, yanaquero USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp is sweet and tart. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia from Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia REFERENCES: Foster 1958, Martin et al. 1987, MBG n.d. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 362
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindley) M. Roemer [syn. H. salicifolia (C. Presl) Abrams, Photina arbutifolia Lindley] FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: California holly, Christmas berry, tollon, toyon SPANISH: tollón, toyón USES/NOTES: Fruits are eaten raw or roasted. NATURAL RANGE: California to Baja California REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Hickman 1993, Martin et al. 1987, Phipps 1992, Uphof 1968 Heteropsis sp. FAMILY: Araceae (arum or aroid) SPANISH: otome USES/NOTES: Waorani of Ecuador eat the yellow fruit and extract a strong fiber from the bark of an unidentified species. NATURAL RANGE: Western Amazonia REFERENCES: Davis and Yost 1983 Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. FAMILY: Euphorbiaceae (spurge) ENGLISH: caoutchouc, hevea rubber, rubber, rubber tree, Pará rubber PORTUGUESE: borracha, seringa, seringa-real, seringa-verdadeira, seringueira SPANISH: árbol del caucho, árbol del cielo, carama jihui, caucho, caucho de Pará, goma de Pará, hule, jebe, jebe débil fino, sernambi, shiringa USES/NOTES: Protein-rich seeds are infrequently eaten after cooking to remove toxins. H. brasiliensis accounts for most of the world’s quality natural rubber, worth over $3 billion in exports annually. Malaysia is the most economically important producer followed closely by Indonesia. Brazil, the source of most natural rubber up untill World War I, is a net importer of rubber today. NATURAL RANGE: Southern half of Amazonia REFERENCES: Balick 1985, Boom 1987, Bourke et al. 1987, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Fearnside 1989, Hunter 1997, Imle 1978, León 1987, Oldfield 1981, OAS 1973, Schultes 1977a, Silva et al. 1977, Smith et al. 1992, UFA/NYBG n.d., Vásquez and Gentry 1989 Hevea guianensis Aublet FAMILY: Euphorbiaceae (spurge) ENGLISH: caoutchouc, hevea rubber, rubber, rubber tree PORTUGUESE: seringa, seringa-itaúba, seringa-taúba, seringa-vermelha SPANISH: shiringa amarilla USES/NOTES: Seeds are infrequently eaten after cooking to remove toxins. Latex is drunk by some indigenous groups, and is mixed with that of H. brasiliensis to make rubber. NATURAL RANGE: Northern half of Amazonia REFERENCES: Duke and Vásquez 1994, Schultes 1977a, Silva et al. 1977, UFA/NYBG n.d. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 363
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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