Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America from Connecticut, southern Ontario, and Michigan in the north, to Florida and eastern Texas and Mexico in the south, west to Nebraska REFERENCES: Coon 1975, Facciola 1990, Fernald et al. 1958, Godfrey 1988, Mabberely 1987, Martin et al. 1987, MBG n.d., Nelson 1994, Taylor 1998, Uphof 1968 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Decken [includes P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. caudatum (L.) Sadebeck [syn. Pteris caudata L.]] FAMILY: Dennstaedtiaceae or Polypodiaceae (polypody) ENGLISH: brake, brake fern, bracken, bracken fern, eagle fern, eastern bracken, hog-pasture brake, lacey bracken (var. caudatum), pasture brake, tailed bracken, warabi, western bracken PORTUGUESE: pau-jacaré, samambaia-do-campo, samambaia-verdadeira SPANISH: helecho USES/NOTES: Young unopened fiddleheads, or croziers, (called munhecas in Brazil) have been widely eaten, though now considered carcinogenic in large quantities, especially if uncooked. Fiddleheads have also been eaten fresh, dried, or preserved. Boiled rhizomes are edible and the source of warabi starch, used like arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea). Dried rhizomes are used for bread and rhizomes and fronds have been used like hops (Humulus lupulus) in beer. NATURAL RANGE: varieties in the Americas from Canada, U.S., Mexico, Central America, West Indies, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, the Guianas, Peru, and Brazil REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Brouk 1975, Facciola 1990, FNAEC 1993, Harrington 1976, Hodge 1973, IBGE 1980, Jardim Botânico de Brasília 1989, Kermath (notes), Lepofsky et al. 1985, Mabberley 1987, Norton 1979, Peterson 1977, Rymer 1976, Stolze 1981, Tomikel 1986, Tryon 1941, UFA/NYBG n.d., Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Pterodon emarginatus Vogel [syn. P. pubescens Benth.] FAMILY: Fabaceae or Leguminosae subfam. Papilionoideae (bean or pea) PORTUGUESE: fava-de-santo-inacio, pessoek, sicupira, sucupira, sucupira-branca USES/NOTES: Bark extract is used to flavor liqueurs and medicines. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil from Maranhão to Rio Grande do Sul west into Bolivia REFERENCES: IBGE 1980, ILDIS 2005, Lewis 1987, Mabberley 1987 Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M. Almeida [syn. P. lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, P. montana (Lour.) Merr., P. thunbergiana (Sieber & Zucc.) Benth., Dolichos lobatus Willd., Pachyrhizus thunbergianus Sieber & Zucc. and includes Pueraria lobata var. montana (Lour.) Maesen] FAMILY: Fabaceae or Leguminosae subfam. Papilionoideae (bean or pea) ENGLISH: Japanese arrowroot, Japanese kudzu, ko, ko hemp, kudzu, kudzu vine PORTUGUESE: kudzu DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 640
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs SPANISH: cudzú, kudzú USES/NOTES: Aggressive vine has been grown as a cover crop, for erosion control, and for fodder. Roots, leaves, fruit pods, and flowers are edible, though infrequently eaten. Flowers can be used to make jelly and are used as a honey source. Starchy roots may grow to 35 kg. Introduced to North America in 1876 as an ornamental, kudzu was later used for erosion control, from where it quickly spread to become an invasive plant throughout the eastern U.S., from Florida to Long Island, through southern Michigan to eastern Texas, though most troublesome in southern Appalachia. The root extracts daidzin and puerarin have been shown to suppress the desire to consume alcohol in alcohol-addicted rodents and kudzu tea reportedly can be used to treat hangovers. Knoxville, Tennessee has an annual kudzu festival. NATURAL RANGE: East Asia, probably Japan, widely naturalized and invasive, especially in the southeastern U.S. REFERENCES: Duke 1981, Duke 1997, Guia Rural n.d., Kermath (notes), Keung et al. 1996, Keung and Vallee 1993, Mabberley 1987, Overstreet et al. 1996, Shurtleff and Aoyagi 1985, Tanner et al. 1979, Usher 1974, Watson 1989, Yamaguchi 1983 Punica granatum L. FAMILY: Punicaceae (pomegranate) ENGLISH: pomegranate PORTUGUESE: granado, romã, romã-de-granada SPANISH: balaustra, granada, granado, granda USES/NOTES: Large (to 10cm), round, dark red berries contain many small seeds surrounded by juicy, red arils that are much prized eaten out of hand or added to sauces and fruit salads. Fruit juice is used to make the drink grenadine; tannin from the tough skin is used commercially to tan leather; and bark is used medicinally to treat intestinal worms, diarrhea and fevers. Seeds are used in New Year’s celebrations for good luck in parts of Brazil. Of ancient cultivation, the trees are also grown as ornamentals. NATURAL RANGE: Mild climate niches from the Balkans to the Himalayas, possibly more restricted to the Caspian region REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Guia Rural n.d., Jørgensen and Ulloa Ulloa 1994, Kermath (notes), Omawale 1973, Popenoe 1974, Rehm and Espig 1991, Schneider 1987, Usher 1974, Van Feu n.d., Zohary and Hopf 1993 Punica nana L. [syn. P. granatum var. nana (L.) Pers.] FAMILY: Punicaceae (pomegranate) ENGLISH: dwarf pomegranate PORTUGUESE: romã SPANISH: granada USES/NOTES: Arils around the many tiny seeds are highly esteemed. Also grown as an ornamental. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Europe/Asia REFERENCES: IBGE 1980, Leung 1961, Usher 1974 DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 641
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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