Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs ENGLISH: paripi, peach palm, peachnut, pewa, pewa nut, poupounha, spiny-club palm, tembe PORTUGUESE: babunha, casipaes, ceriba, palmeira-chonta, pejibaye, pirajá-pupunha, pirijão, popunha, pupunha, pupunha-marajá, pupunhaverde-amarela SPANISH: bobi, cachipay, chenga, chichaguai, chichagui, chima, chonta, chonta de castilla, chonta de comer, chonta pala, chonta ruru, chontadura, chontaduro, chontaduro colombiano, chontaruro, contaruro, gachipaes, gea, huanima, ico, jijirre, macanilla, macasnilla, mantiene-moza, masato, melocotón, nalu, palma de durazno, palma melocotonera, palma real, pechevaye, pegibay, pejibay, pejibaya, pejibaye, pejijuayo, pejivalle, pichiguao, pifayo, pifuayo, pihiguao, pihuayo, pijiguao, pijuanyo, pijuayo, pipire, piriguao, pisba, pisbae, piva, pixabay, pixbá, pixbae, posho-guayo, puca pijuaio, pisho-guayo, sara-pifuayo, sara pijuaio, tembé, tempé, tenga, uvito, uwí, woy USES/NOTES: Starchy mesocarp, rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamin A, and fat, of the variably colored (orange/red/yellow) fruit is eaten boiled, sometimes mashed or added to other cooked foods, and is an important food source in parts of the Neotropics. Fruit also contains an edible oil and juice that is made into an alcoholic drink (chicha in Spanish-speaking countries, caxixi in Brazil). Calcium-rich heart (or palmito) is of good quality and has become an item of international commerce. Plants with cespitose forms, as opposed to those with solitary stems, are preferred as their hearts can be harvested without killing the plant. Young shoots are eaten locally like palm hearts. Some indigenous groups add boiled inflorescences with herbs to sauces. Cultivated widely in Central America and tropical South America, the domesticated peach palm is thought to have potential for expansion. NATURAL RANGE: probably the Andean foothills of southwestern Amazonia in Bolivia and Peru, possibly Amazonian Bolivia to Panama, or western Ecuador perhaps to Costa Rica and Nicaragua REFERENCES: Anderson 1977, Balick 1984, Balick 1988, Boom 1987, Bourke et al. 1987, Camacho 1969, Cárdenas 1969, Cavalcante 1991, Clement 1988, Clement 1989, Clement 1992, Clement and Mora Urpí 1987, Duke 1986, Ferreira 1999, Ferreira et al. 1993, Ferreira et al. 1980, Guia Rural n.d., Henderson et al. 1995, Hunter 1969, IBGE 1980, Johannessen 1967, Kermath (notes), Metzler et al. 1992, Morton 1987a, OAS 1973, Pedersen and Balslev 1990, Prance 1984, Rehm and Espig 1991, Schultes 1977b, Seibert 1950a, Silva et al. 1977, Smith et al. 1992, Soria 1991, Vásquez and Gentry 1989 Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E. Moore [syn. B. minor Jacq.] FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) ENGLISH: black palm, spiny-club palm SPANISH: biscoyol, cana brava, corozo, coyolito, lata, lata de playón, lata hembra, piritu, uvero de lata, uvita, uvita de monte USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp is eaten or mashed for its juice. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 98
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs NATURAL RANGE: Northern Venezuela and Colombia to southwestern Nicaragua REFERENCES: Bernal 1992, Dugand 1961, Duke 1986, Henderson 1995, Henderson et al. 1995, Leung 1961, Mabberley 1987, Martin et al. 1987, Usher 1974 Bactris macana (Mart.) Pittier FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) PORTUGUESE: pupunha-brava, pupunha-da-mata, pupunha-do-mato SPANISH: chinamato, chonta, chontilla, macanilla, pijuayo del monte USES/NOTES: Round yellow fruit and heart from this small, spiny, single-stemmed palm are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Southwestern Amazonian Brazil (Acre), southern Amazonian Peru, Amazonian Bolivia, and a disjunct population in northern Colombia and western Ecuador REFERENCES: Ferreira 1999, Henderson et al. 1995, Pedersen and Skov 2001, UFA/NYBG n.d. Bactris macroacantha Mart. FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) PORTUGUESE: marajá SPANISH: kamancha, ñeeinó USES/NOTES: Round yellow fruit from this small palm is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Rio Solimões margins of Amazonian Brazil and Amazonian Peru just into southern Amazonian Ecuador REFERENCES: Balick 1984, Henderson 1995, Henderson et al. 1995 Bactris major Jacq. var. infesta (Mart.) Drude [syn. B. infesta Mart.] FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) PORTUGUESE: marajá SPANISH: cubarro, marayáu USES/NOTES: Juicy fruits are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Venezuela and the Guianas through Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia REFERENCES: Henderson et al. 1995 Bactris major Jacq. var. major [syn. B. subglobosa H. Wendl.] FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) ENGLISH: hones SPANISH: caña brava, cubarro, huiscoyol, jahuacté, lata USES/NOTES: Juicy fruits are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Mexico, Central America, northern Colombia and Venezuela, the Guianas, Trinidad REFERENCES: Henderson et al. 1995, Martin et al. 1987 Bactris major Jacq. var. megalocarpa (Trail) Henderson [syn. B. major Jacq. var. megalocarpa Trail] FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) PORTUGUESE: marajá DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 99
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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