Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: Albala 2007, Duke 1981, Guia Rural n.d., Howard 1994, Kartesz 1994, Leung 1961, Mabberley 1987, Rehm and Espig 1991, Singh and Singh 1992 Leonia glycycarpa Ruiz & Pavón FAMILY: Violaceae (violet) PORTUGUESE: coração-de-negro, fruto-de-macaco, gogó-de-guariba SPANISH: kunkuim nujint, nina caspi, tamara, yemenca USES/NOTES: Fruit is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical South America REFERENCES: Bennett et al. 2001, Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Davis and Yost 1983, Duke and Vásquez 1994, UFA/NYBG n.d. Leonia triandra Cautrec. ex L.B. Sm. & A. Fernández FAMILY: Violaceae (violet) SPANISH: yema de huevo USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil, perhaps to Peru REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987 Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. FAMILY: Liliaceae (lily) ENGLISH: grape hyacinth SPANISH: camasia USES/NOTES: Bulbs are eaten raw, boiled, baked, fried, cooked in pies, pickeled, or dried. NATURAL RANGE: Mediterranean region REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Uphof 1968 Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) ENGLISH: monkey bass, Pará piassava, piassaba palm, piassava palm PORTUGUESE: piaçaba, piaçava, piassaba, piassaba-do-Pará, piassava SPANISH: chiquechique, chíquechíque, chiquichique, chiquichiqui, chiqui-chiqui, fibra, malama, málama, manamazu, maramapé, piasaba, piasava, piasavá, titiá USES/NOTES: Fiber, used for rope, brooms, baskets, hammocks, hats, and the like, is obtained from a fibrous mass around the stem just below the tree’s lowest living leaves. Fruits are made into an enjoyable creamy beverage by adding water to the pulp mash. Fruits also are the source of an industrial oil. NATURAL RANGE: Upper Rio Negro and Orinoco river watersheds in the border region of northern Brazil, southern Venezuela, and southeastern Colombia REFERENCES: Bernal 1992, Dugand 1961, Guia Rural n.d., Henderson et al. 1995, Kermath (notes), Lescure et al. 1992, OAS 1973, Putz 1979, Silva et al. 1977, Schultes 1988 Leopoldinia pulchra Mart. FAMILY: Arecaceae or Palmae (palm) DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 420
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs PORTUGUESE: jará SPANISH: cucurito, yará USES/NOTES: Liquid endosperm of the small, flattened, 2.5 cm fruit tastes like coconut (Cocos nucifera) and is sipped from open fruits as a snack by inhabitants of the middle Rio Negro near Barcelos, Brazil. NATURAL RANGE: Rio Negro margins of Amazonas, Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela extending to the upper Orinoco, and rarely along whitewater streams elsewhere in Brazil’s Amazonas state REFERENCES: Henderson et al. 1995, Kermath (notes), Listabarth 1999, Silva et al. 1977 Lepidium campestre (L.) Br. FAMILY: Cruciferae (mustard) or Brassicaceae (brassica) ENGLISH: bastard cress, cow cress, field pepergrass, pepperwort USES/NOTES: Peppery greens and seed pods are added to salads. NATURAL RANGE: North temperate regions REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Fernald 1950, Peterson 1977 Lepidium fremontii S. Watson FAMILY: Cruciferae (mustard) or Brassicaceae (brassica) ENGLISH: pepperweed USES/NOTES: Seeds are eaten as flour or used as a flavoring agent. NATURAL RANGE: Southwestern U.S. REFERENCES: Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Lepidium latifulium L. FAMILY: Cruciferae (mustard) or Brassicaceae (brassica) ENGLISH: dittander USES/NOTES: Ancient Greeks added the peppery greens to salads, and roots and seeds may be used as spicy condiments. NATURAL RANGE: Mediterranean region, Europe and North Africa REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Mabberley 1987, Uphof 1968 Lepidium meyenii Walp. FAMILY: Cruciferae (mustard) or Brassicaceae (brassica) ENGLISH: maca, Peruvian ginseng SPANISH: ayak, ayak willku, chichira, chijura, maca, maca-maca, maíno, maka USES/NOTES: Sweet, brown, turnip-like roots of this rare, highland species are eaten baked and roasted (sometimes in earthen pits), made into porridge (called mazamorra) after being dried and soaked or boiled, and fermented into maca chicha, a beverage sometimes mixed with other alcoholic beverages to make coctel de maca. Roots also are used to flavor aguardiente, an alcohol derived from sugarcane. Small leaves are used as salad greens and are fed to guinea pigs, an Andean delicacy. NATURAL RANGE: Central Andean highlands from southern Peru through Bolivia into northwesterm Argentina, now nearly restricted to the Lake Junín region of Peru DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 421
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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