Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs royal palm (R. borinquena), royal palm, South American royal palm (R. oleracea) PORTUGUESE: juçara, palmeira-imperial, palmitiqueira, palmito, palmito-do-campo SPANISH: cana, chaguaramo (R. oleracea), palma (R. borinquena), palma de yaguas (R. borinquena), palma real, palma real cubana (R. regia), palma real puertorriqueña (R. regia), palmera de las Antillas, palmiche (fruit of R. regia), palmillo (heart of R. regia), palmito (heart of R. regia) USES/NOTES: Heart (palmito or yema) is eaten as a vegetable, fresh, pickled, or prepared with eggs or meat. Fruit pulp of R. borinquena is edible, though typically fed only to animals. Fruits of other species also are fed to animals. Also grown as ornamentals. R. oleracea is the tallest. NATURAL RANGE: R. borinquena from Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, R. oleracea from the Lesser Antilles and the middle and lower Orinoco, R. regia from Cuba, coastal Yucatán of Mexico, and the Florida Keys REFERENCES: Blombery and Rodd 1982, Bourke et al. 1987, Brouk 1975, Graf 1974, Henderson et al. 1995, Horst 1997, Houaiss 1982, Mabberley 1987, Martin et al. 1987, OAS 1973, Omawale 1973 Rubus adenotrichus Schltr. FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: blackberry SPANISH: frambuesa, mora, mora común USES/NOTES: Fruits are eaten fresh, in jellies, and desserts, and are sold in markets. NATURAL RANGE: Mexico and Central America to Peru REFERENCES: León 1987, Martin et al. 1987, Uphof 1968 Rubus allegheniensis Porter FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: Allegheny blackberry, mountain blackberry USES/NOTES: Fruits are eaten out of hand and in pies and jellies. Young shoots may be used in salads. NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America REFERENCES: Brouk 1975, Facciola 1990, Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Rubus arcticus L. FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: Arctic berry, Arctic blackberry, Arctic bramble, Arctic raspberry, crimson bramble, nagoonberry, plumboy USES/NOTES: Yellow to dark fruits are eaten out of hand and leaves are made into tea. NATURAL RANGE: Arctic region REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Sturtevant 1972, Turner and Szczawinski 1979, Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 668
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Rubus argutus Link FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: blackberry, Florida prickly blackberry, highbush blackberry, tall blackberry USES/NOTES: Fruits are edible fresh or cooked. NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America REFERENCES: Brouk 1975, Cronk and Fuller 1995, Facciola 1990, Taylor 1998 Rubus betulifolius Small FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: highbush blackberry USES/NOTES: Juicy fruits are of good quality, young leaves can be used for tea, and young shoots can be eaten. NATURAL RANGE: Southeastern U.S. REFERENCES: Godfrey 1988, Peterson 1977 Rubus bogotensis Kunth [syn. R. porphyromallus Focke] FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) SPANISH: hierbamora, mora de cerro, mora de piedra, mora, zarza, zarzamora, zarzamora de la grande, zarzamora de loma USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Andean Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela REFERENCES: Foster 1958, Jennings et al. 1990, Martin et al. 1987, MBG n.d., Rivera et al. 1997 Rubus brasiliensis Mart. FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) PORTUGUESE: amora-branca, amora-da-selva, amora-do-mato, amora-preta, amora-verde, framboesa-negra, sarca-amoreira, selva-branca USES/NOTES: Dark fruits are used in beverages. Also medicinal. NATURAL RANGE: non-Amazonian Brazil REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Alves Rodrigues et al. 2002, Martin et al. 1987, Uphof 1968 Rubus caesius L. FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: dewberry, European dewberry PORTUGUESE: framboesa SPANISH: zarzamora USES/NOTES: Edible fruits are similar to blackberries (Rubus fruticosus). Leaves are used for tea. NATURAL RANGE: Europe and southwestern Asia REFERENCES: Johns and Stevenson 1985, Leung 1961, Mabberley 1987, Uphof 1968, Usher 1974 Rubus chamaemorus L. FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: bake apple, baked-apple, baked-apple berry, cloudberry, malka, salmonberry, yellowberry DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 669
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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