Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Hevea pauciflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Müell. Arg. var. coriacea Ducke FAMILY: Euphorbiaceae (spurge) PORTUGUESE: seringa SPANISH: shiringa, shiringa maposa USES/NOTES: Seed has been eaten cooked. Latex is mixed with that of H. brasiliensis to make rubber. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia REFERENCES: Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Duke and Vásquez 1994 Hexachlamys edulis (O. Berg) Kausel & D. Legrand [syn. Eugenia edulis Benth., Myrciaria edulis (Vell.) Skeels nomen illegit.] FAMILY: Myrtaceae (myrtle) USES/NOTES: Fruits are made into vinegar in Argentina. NATURAL RANGE: Northern Argentina, Uruguay, eastern Paraguay, and southern Brazil REFERENCES: Mattos 1983, Uphof 1968 Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav. [syn. H. uncinellus DC.] FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) PORTUGUESE: algodão-do-brejo, algodoeiro-bravo, algodoeiro-do-brejo, amanduerana, amanduerana-bravo, amaniu-rana, campanha-de-canudo, faja, fajan, fanja-maioranta, fanjan, majorona, malva-vinagreira, mamorana, mata-cobras, mata-pinto, quiaborana, uaicima-do-brejo, vacina-do-brejo, vinagreira-do-campo SPANISH: flor de paisto USES/NOTES: Acidic leaves are cooked as a vegetable and sap can be used to clarify syrups. Medicinal in Brazil. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Facciola 1990, Uphof 1968 Hibiscus cannabinus L. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) ENGLISH: ambari hemp, bimplipatum tree, Deccan hemp, hemp-leaved hibiscus, kenaf, kenaf hibiscus PORTUGUESE: cânhamo-brasileiro, papoula, papoula-São-Fransisco, umbaru SPANISH: amapola de San Francisco, cáñamo de gambó, cáñamo de la India, cáñamo falso, kenaf, linda mañana, mañanera, pavona encendida USES/NOTES: Though rarely used as food in the Americas, seeds are edible and the source of an edible cooking oil. Flowers and young leaves also are edible. Grown chiefly for its fiber, similar to, though coarser than jute (Corchorus olitorius), and abundant paper pulp, which requirs less bleaching than tree pulp. Yields three to five times more paper pulp than southern pine trees and reaches harvest age in half a year. NATURAL RANGE: probably East Africa, long naturalized in India REFERENCES: Anochili and Tindall 1986, Bourke et al. 1987, Facciola 1990, IBGE 1980, Mabberley 1987, OAS 1973, Uphof 1968, Usher 1974, Wilson 1992 DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 364
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) ENGLISH: China rose, Chinese hibiscus, hibiscus, shoe black, shoe flower PORTUGUESE: brincos, brinco-de-princesa, flor-de-graxa, goela-de-leão, graxa, graxa-de-estudante, graxa-de-soldado, hibisco, mimo-devênus, papoula, papoula-dobrada, rosa-da-China SPANISH: bis, bonche, cayena, clavel, cucarda, escandalosa roja, gallardete, hibisco, mar pacífico, marimoña, papo, pavona, resucitado, resucitado rojo, rosa china, rosa sínica, tapo, tilipán, tulipa, tulipán USES/NOTES: Flowers are eaten raw, boiled, or fried, and are used as a natural food colorant. Young leaves are edible. Flowers are also medicinal. Also the principal ornamental hibiscus in tropical and frost-free subtropical regions. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical East Asia REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Berg 1984, Bhat 1994, Facciola 1990, Kermath (notes), Mabberley 1987, OAS 1973, Van Feu n.d., Watkins and Sheehan 1975 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) ENGLISH: African mallow, China rose, Florida cranberry, hibiscus tea flower, Indian sorrel, Jamaican sorrel, Jamaican tea flower, Java jute, pink lemonade flower, red sorrel, red tea, rosella, roselle, roselle hemp, rozelle, sorrel, Sudanese tea PORTUGUESE: agrilla, azeda, azedinha, caruru-da-Guiné, caruru-azedo, cuxá, graxa-de-estudante, groselheira, quiabo-azedo, quiabo-da- Angola, quiabo-róseo, quiabo-roxo, rosela, vinagreira SPANISH: acedera de Guinea, acedera rojo de Guinea, agrio de Guinea, agrilla, aleluya, cabitutu, cañamo de Guinea, chiriguata, flor de Jamaica, jamaica, jamica, maravilla, rosa de Jamaica, rosa Jamaica, rosella, serení, viña, vinagrillo, viñuela USES/NOTES: Enlarged, vitamin C- and pectin-rich, dark red, immature, acidic calyces and bracts have an acidic, sorrel- or cranberry-like flavor and are eaten fresh or made into teas and other tart beverages known as jamaica in Mexico, wines, sauces, pies and jellies and other preserves including Jamaica’s famous rosella jam. Leaves, young stems, and large yellow flowers are used as herbs, and leaves have been used as cooked greens with a somewhat tart flavor. Ground seeds are edible. Stems are the source of roselle fiber and the plant is medicinal. Roselle tea is used to treat hangovers in Guatemala. NATURAL RANGE: probably West Africa, though once considered part of the Indian flora and now widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Balick et al. 2000, Bourke et al. 1987, Bown 1995, Crane 1949, Duke 1986, Duke and Vásquez 1994, FUDENA n.d., Guia Rural 1990, IBGE 1980, Johns and Stevenson 1985, DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 365
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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