Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: Correll and Johnston 1970, Tull 1978, USDA-NRCS 2004 Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Sprengel FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: thistle, wavy-leaved thistle SPANSIH: thistle de la ondulado-hoja, thistle gris USES/NOTES: Leaves are edible cooked, raw stalks can be eaten peeled, flowers, roots, and seeds are eaten raw or cooked, and seeds are made into an edible meal. NATURAL RANGE: North America west of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes region REFERENCES: Kindscher 1987, Uphof 1968, USDA-NRCS 2004 Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: bull thistle, bur thistle, common thistle, Johnny green SPANISH: thistle común, thistle de la lanza, thistle escocés USES/NOTES: Leaves and peeled stalks are eaten raw or cooked after thorns have been removed. Roots are eaten raw as a survival food. NATURAL RANGE: Eurasia, widely naturalized and invasive in North America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Peterson 1977, Tomikel 1986 Cissampelos pareira L. [syn. Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandw.] FAMILY: Menispermaceae (moonseed) ENGLISH: false pareira root PORTUGUESE: abuta, abútua, catuaba, cipó-abuta, cipó-de-cobra, erva-de-nossa-senhora, parreira-brava, parreirinha-do-mato, pitomba-da-mata, uva-do-rio, xexuá SPANISH: abuta, abutua, ancabesux, barbasco, bejuco de ratón, butua, caimitillo, imchich masha, k’on k’ach, motelo sanango, palo de motelo, pancha muca, pareira, pareira brava, quaymitu, sanango, soga, trompetero sacha SURINAMESE: bofrusiri USES/NOTES: Brown to yellowish fruits of this liana are edible, though the plant is known primarily for its medicinal qualities. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonian Ecuador to Maranhão, Brazil REFERENCES: Alcorn 1984, Balée 1994, Bennett et al. 2001, Blanco 2002, Duke and Vásquez 1994, FUDENA n.d., Mentz et al. 1997, Silva et al. 1977, UFA/NYBG n.d., Van Feu n.d. Cissus biformifolia Standley [syn. C. erosa L.] FAMILY: Vitaceae (grape) SPANISH: come mano, navarria USES/NOTES: Fruit is eaten in Guyana. Elsewhere used to treat arthritis. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics REFERENCES: Duke and Väsquez 1994, Johnston and Colquhoun 1996, Sommeijer et al. n.d. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 202
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Cissus gongylodes (Baker) Burchell ex Planchon FAMILY: Vitaceae (grape) ENGLISH: curtain vine, winged-stemmed grape ivy PORTUGUESE: cipó-de-aquecer-leite SPANISH: terés USES/NOTES: Cultivaed by the Kayapo for its edible fruit. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical South America from Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia and Peru to Paraguay REFERENCES: Lombardi 2000, MBG n.d., Múlgura 1978, Phillips 1991 Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E. Jarvis [syn. C. sicyoides L., Vitis sicyoides (L.) Miq.] FAMILY: Vitaceae (grape) ENGLISH: possum grape, pudding withe, snake withe, toad vine PORTUGUESE: cipó-puca SPANISH: ampato huasca, bejuco iasú, paja de culebra, sapo huasca, tripa de zopilote, uva silvestre, vid silvestre, yedra USES/NOTES: Small, dark, ripe fruits reportedly are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Mexico to Ecuador and possibly Brazil, the West Indies, and perhaps southern Florida REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Adams 1972, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Martin et al. 1987, Taylor 1998 Citharexylum fruticosum L. FAMILY: Verbenaceae (verbena) ENGLISH: fiddlewood SPANISH: palo de guitarra, pendula USES/NOTES: Small (to a cm in diameter), reddish-brown drupe is edible. NATURAL RANGE: West Indies to central Florida REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987, Nelson 1994, OAS 1973 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai [syn. Cucurbita citrullus L.] and Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus [syn. C. vulgaris Schrader] FAMILY: Cucurbitaceae (gourd) ENGLISH: watermelon PORTUGUESE: melancia, melão-d’água SPANISH: cuchuña, melón de agua, paitilla, patilla, sandía, sanía, sandla USES/NOTES: Large fruits (the watermellons of commerce) and seeds of this vine are edible and medicinal. Seeds contain an edible oil. Rind can be eaten preserved in vinegar or sugar. NATURAL RANGE: Kalahari Desert region of Africa REFERENCES: Boom 1987, Duke 1986, Guia Rural n.d., Kartesz 1994, León 1987, Leung 1961, Munz 1974, Omawale 1973, Purseglove 1968, Rehm and Espig 1991, Schneider 1987, Soukup 1970 Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle [syn. Limonia aurantifolia Christm.] [also C. limetta Risso] DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 203
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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