Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs FAMILY: Cactaceae (cactus) ENGLISH: organ-pipe cactus, sweet pitaya SPANISH: pitahaya, pitahaya dulce USES/NOTES: Globular greenish fruit’s reddish pulp is consumed fresh, in desserts, or made into wine. Seeds are powdered and made into meal. NATURAL RANGE: Southwestern U.S. and adjacent Mexico REFERENCES: Britton and Rose 1963, Facciola 1990, Kartesz 1994, Martin et al. 1987, Nobel 1988, Nobel 1994 Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) Karsten FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) ENGLISH: French peanut, Panama tree SPANISH: anacagüita, bellota, camajonduro, camaruca, camoruco, capera, castaño, comoruco, mano de león, panamá USES/NOTES: Red fruiting carpels contain grayish-black seeds that are eaten toasted. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Duke 1986, Facciola 1990, Hoyas 1989, Martin et al. 1987, OAS 1973, Rodríguez Martínez 1987, von Reis Altschul and Lipp 1982, Williams 1981 Sterculia chicha A. St-Hil. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: axixá, castanha-do-Maranhão, castanha-do-Pará, chichá, xixá USES/NOTES: Seeds are edible and an industrial oil source. NATURAL RANGE: Northeastern Amazonian Brazil REFERENCES: Amaral et al. 1997, Facciola 1990, Mabberley 1987, Martin et al. 1987, Menninger 1987 Stetsonia coryne (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose [syn. C. chacoanus Vaupel, C. coryne Salm-Dyck] FAMILY: Cactaceae (cactus) ENGLISH: Argentine toothpick, toothpick cactus SPANISH: cardón, cardón grande, ištá’k, tuna USES/NOTES: Tart, lemon-tasting pale yellow fruit of this potentially large, much branched columnar tree cactus is eaten fresh, dried, or cooked with fish or meat and other dishes in the Gran Chaco. Rotting stem is also a honey source. The plant contains small amounts of mescaline. NATURAL RANGE: Greater Gran Chaco region of northern Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay REFERENCES: Arenas and Scarpa 1999, Foster 1958, Killeen et al. 1993, López et al. 1987, MBG n.d., Serrano and Terán 2000 Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: stevia, stevice, sugar leaf, sweet herb of Paraguay PORTUGUESE: estévia, stévia DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 738
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs SPANISH: caá-ehé, estévia, kaá-ehé USES/NOTES: Leaves of this perennial herb have long been used as a sweetener. Historically, Guaraní Amerindians chewed the leaves or added them to foods and beverages, especially mate tea (from Ilex paraguariensis). Leaves contain stevioside, a diterpene glycoside, that is up to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Extract is now being used in herbal tea blends and as a low calorie, alternative sweetener. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil/Paraguay border region REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Guia Rural n.d., Morton 1976a, OAS 1973, Souza Brito and Souza Brito 1996, Uphof 1968 Stevia serrata Cav. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) SPANISH: burrillo, esculcona, flor de cedazo, hierba del burro, kasnir bhai, kasnir pbai, manto de San José, requezón, romínowa, santa maría blanca, servilleta, sharharakua, tzarracua tsitsiki USES/NOTES: The Rarámuri (Tarahumara) people of north-central Mexico add prepared leaves as a ‘catalyst’ during the preparation of tesgüino – a maize (Zea mays) based alcoholic beverage – to ‘strengthen’ the beverage. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Texas through Mexico and Central America to Ecuador, perhaps excluding Colombia REFERENCES: Bye 1985, Correll and Johnston 1970, Grashoff 1976, Jørgensen and Ulloa Ulloa 1994, Pennington 1963, Torres n.d., Turner 1997 Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. FAMILY: Liliaceae (lily) ENGLISH: clasping twistedstalk, clasping-leaved twisted-stalk, claspleaf twistedstalk, liver berry, twisted stalk, white mandarin, wild cucumber USES/NOTES: Round to oval 1-1.5cm long yellow to red berries, shoots, and roots are eaten raw or cooked and reportedly taste like cucumbers. NATURAL RANGE: North America REFERENCES: Gibbons and Tucker 1979, Yanovsky 1936 Streptopus roseus Michaux FAMILY: Liliaceae (lily) ENGLISH: rose mandarin, scootberry USES/NOTES: Young leaves and shoots, with the flavor of a cucumber, are eaten in salads. Fruits may be eaten in moderation. NATURAL RANGE: North America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Peterson 1977 Stromanthe macrochlamys (Woodson & Standley) H. Kenn. & Nicolson [syn. Calathea macrochlamys Woodson & Standley] FAMILY: Marantaceae (arrowroot) SPANISH: hoja de piedra, tompimil DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 739
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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