Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs NATURAL RANGE: Central and western U.S. REFERENCES: Fernald 1950, Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Helianthus giganteus L. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: giant sunflower USES/NOTES: Choctaw people made bread from the ground seeds mixed with cornmeal. NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America to the Mississippi REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Fernald 1950, Yanovsky 1936 Helianthus maximilianii Schrader FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: Maximilian sunflower USES/NOTES: Roots have been eaten by Amerindians. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Canada to the southeastern U.S., Texas, and California REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Kirk 1970, Tull 1978, Yanovsky 1936 Helianthus tuberosus L. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: Jerusalem artichoke, sunchoke, topinambur PORTUGUESE: alcachofra-de-Jerusalém, batata-tupinambá, girassolbatateiro, girassol-de-batata, topinambour, tupinambo, tupinambur SPANISH: aguaturma, alcachofa de Jerusalén, cotufa, papa de caña, pataca, topinámbur, tupinambo, tupinambur USES/NOTES: Tubers are eaten raw or cooked and are the source of levulose sugar, tubers and leaves are medicinal, and seeds are an oil source. Also used for fodder. Widely cultivated in France as a forage plant and as an alcohol source. NATURAL RANGE: U.S. REFERENCES: Bourke 1987, Brücher 1989, Duke 1992, Foster and Cordell 1992, Guia Rural 1990, Leung 1961, Schneider 1987, Usher 1974 Heliconia bihai (L.) L. [syn. H. humilis Jacq.] FAMILY: Heliconiaceae (heliconia) or Musaceae (banana) ENGLISH: balisier, false plantain, firebird, heliconia, lobster-claw, macaw flower, wild banana, wild plantain PORTUGUESE: bico-de-tucano SPANISH: heliconia, platanillo, riqui-riqui USES/NOTES: Young shoots are edible. Flowering bract is a brilliant red and yellow. NATURAL RANGE: Lesser Antilles through northern South America and northern Amazonia REFERENCES: Andersson 1981, Bailey Hortorium 1976, Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Dodson and Gentry 1978, Mabberley 1987, Silva et al. 1977, Steyermark et al. 1995, Uphof 1968 Heliconia caribaea Lam. FAMILY: Heliconiaceae (heliconia) or Musaceae (banana) DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 358
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs ENGLISH: balisier, false plantain, heliconia, wild plantain SPANISH: heliconia, platanillo, riqui-riqui USES/NOTES: Young shoots and dark blue fruit’s black seeds are eaten and roots are an edible starch source. NATURAL RANGE: West Indies to Panama REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Bailey Hortorium 1976, Facciola 1990, Kunkel 1984, Sturtevant 1972 Heliconia hirsuta L.f. FAMILY: Heliconiaceae (heliconia) or Musaceae (banana) PORTUGUESE: bananeira-do-mato, bananeirinha, bananinha, bananinhabrava (perhaps) SPANISH: heliconia, millua situlli, platanillo, riqui-riqui USES/NOTES: Roots are edible and fermented into an alcoholic beverage. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical South America REFERENCES: Andersson 1985, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Schultes and Raffauf 1990, Silva et al. 1977, UFA/NYBG n.d. Heliconia latispatha Benth. FAMILY: Heliconiaceae (heliconia) or Musaceae (banana) ENGLISH: expanded lobster-claw, heliconia, lobster-claw SPANISH: heliconia, platanillo, riqui-riqui USES/NOTES: Fruit is edible and used for cooking in the Yucatán. NATURAL RANGE: moist lowlands of central Mexico, the Yucatán, and Central America REFERENCES: Andersson 1992, Bailey Hortorium 1976, Niembro Rocas 1992 Heliconia psittacorum L.f. FAMILY: Heliconiaceae (heliconia) or Musaceae (banana) ENGLISH: parakeet flower, parrot’s beack SPANISH: heliconia, platanillo, riqui-riqui USES/NOTES: Rhizome is crushed and eaten. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Venezuelan dry forests, perhaps beyond REFERENCES: Gragson 1997, Kress 1997 Heliconia rostrata Ruíz and Pavón FAMILY: Heliconiaceae (heliconia) or Musaceae (banana) ENGLISH: lobster-claw PORTUGUESE: caeté, helicônia SPANISH: heliconia, platanillo, situlli USES/NOTES: Roots are edible and fermented into an alcoholic beverage. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia, tropical central Andes, to northern Argentina REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Berry and Kress 1991, Duke and Vásquez 1994 Heliconia velutina L. Andersson [illegitimate name according to Bailey Hortorium] FAMILY: Heliconiaceae (heliconia) or Musaceae (banana) SPANISH: heliconia, platanillo del monte USES/NOTES: Leaves are used to wrap food. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 359
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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