Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: Duke and Vásquez 1994, Renner et al. 1990, Sleumer 1980 Carthamus tinctorius L. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: kurdee, Mexican saffron, safflower PORTUGUESE: açafroa SPANISH: alazor, azafrán bastardo, cártama, cártamo USES/NOTES: Flower heads contain an edible red dye used to color butter, liqueurs, breads, candles, and cosmetics, especially rouge. An edible and drying oil, known as kurdee oil, is extracted from the seed. Edible fruits are used in chutney and as poultry feed. Seeds are fed to cattle. NATURAL RANGE: Mediterranean region, perhaps Egypt REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Houaiss 1982, León 1987, Mabberley 1987, Rehm and Espig 1991, Uphof 1968, Usher 1974, Weiss 1971, Weiss 1983, Yanovsky 1936 Carum carvi L. FAMILY: Umbelliferae or Apiaceae (carrot) ENGLISH: caraway, kummel, wild caraway PORTUGUESE: alcarávia, alcavária, cariz, carvi, cominho SPANISH: alcarahueya, alcarava, alcaravea, alcaravia, alcosoria, carvi, carvia, comino del prado, hinojo de prado, hinojo del prado USES/NOTES: Seeds are used as a condiment and in medicines, leaves are eaten as a vegetable, and roots are eaten cooked. NATURAL RANGE: Asia Minor, widely cultivated REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Bourke et al. 1987, Guia Rural n.d., Harris 1972, Rehm and Espig 1991, Rodríguez Martínez 1990, Schneider 1987, Yamaguchi 1983 Carya aquatica (Michaux f.) Nutt. FAMILY: Juglandaceae (walnut) ENGLISH: bitter pecan, water hickory USES/NOTES: Kunkel says that the kernels, otherwise described as bitter, are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Southeastern U.S. from Virginia to Florida to eastern Texas REFERENCES: FNAEC 1997, Godfrey 1988, Kunkel 1984 Carya cordiformis (Wagenh.) K. Koch [syn. Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.) Britton] FAMILY: Juglandaceae (walnut) ENGLISH: bitternut, bitternut hickory, pignut USES/NOTES: Thin shelled nuts contain edible, though bitter kernels. The large deciduous tree is similar in appearance to the pecan (C. illinoinensis). NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America from southeastern Canada to Minnesota, to northern Florida, and eastern Texas REFERENCES: FNAEC 1997, Graves 1956, Kunkel 1984, Yanovsky 1936 DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 162
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Carya floridana Sarg. FAMILY: Juglandaceae (walnut) ENGLISH: Florida hickory, Florida scrub hickory, scrub hickory USES/NOTES: Small kernels of this small to medium sized, somewhat rare tree are sweet. NATURAL RANGE: Peninsular Florida REFERENCES: FNAEC 1997, Godfrey 1988, Kermath (notes) Carya glabra (Miller) Sweet [syn. C. ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg., Hicoria glabra (Miller) Britton, Hicoria microcarpa (Nutt.) Britton] FAMILY: Juglandaceae (walnut) ENGLISH: hognut, littlenut hickory, pignut, pignut hickory, small pignut, sweet pignut USES/NOTES: Thick shelled kernels of this large, deciduous, attractive tree can be sweet or bitter. The small-fruited variety (littlenut hickory or small pignut) has been treated as a distinct species (C. ovalis). NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America from Vermont, Ontario, southern Michigan, and Illinois, to central Florida and eastern Texas REFERENCES: Brouk 1975, FNAEC 1997, Gibbons and Tucker 1979, Godfrey 1988, Graves 1956, Kermath (notes), Manning 1950, Nelson 1994, Yanovsky 1936 Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch [syn. C. oliviformis (Michaux f.) Nutt., Hickoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton] FAMILY: Juglandaceae (walnut) ENGLISH: pecan, pecan nut PORTUGUESE: noz-pecã, pecã SPANISH: nogal morado, nogal pecanero, nuez encarcelada, nuez pecan, pacana, pecana USES/NOTES: Giant (to over 50 meters), shaggy-barked deciduous tree is commercially cultivated for its sweet nut, which comes in a hardshelled, oblong, green fruit. Nut oil is used in cosmetics. The Texas state tree has some 500 named varieties. The Latin binomial is also seen spelled as C. illinoensis. NATURAL RANGE: Mississippi floodplain including some tributaries of the U.S. from southern Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico, eastern Oklahoma and Texas, and small isolated populations in northeastern Mexico, sparsely naturalized in favorable locations REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, FNAEC 1997, Godfrey 1988, Guia Rural n.d., Hall 2000, Kermath (notes), Leung 1961, Mabberley 1987, Nelson 1994, Rehm and Espig 1991, Usher 1974, Woodroof 1979 Carya laciniosa (Michaux f.) Loudon [syn. Hicoria laciniosa (Michaux f.) Sarg.] FAMILY: Juglandaceae (walnut) ENGLISH: big shellbark hickory, king nut, shellbark hickory USES/NOTES: Sweet kernels are edible and an edible oil source, and sap can be made into syrup. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 163
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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