Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs USES/NOTES: Nuts are a source of caffeine and a flavoring agent for cola soft drinks, ice cream, liqueurs, and other beverages. Also medicinal. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical West Africa REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Mabberley 1987, Smith et al. 1992 Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott [syn. C. esculenta var. antiquorum (Schott) Hubb. & Rehder, C. antiquorum Schott, C. esculenta var. esculenta (L.) Schott, Arum colocasia L., Caladium colocasia L., Caladium esculentum L.] FAMILY: Araceae (arum or aroid) ENGLISH: Barbados eddo, Chinese eddo, Chinese taro, Chinese tayer, coco, cocoa-fingers, cocoyam, curcas, dasheen, eddo, eddoe, elephant ear, old cocoyam, malanga, tannia, tanier, tannier, tanyah, taro, white eddo, wild taro PORTUGUESE: coió-rosa, inhame, inhame quiçaré, inhame-água, inhamechinês, inhame-d’água, inhame-São-Tomé, inhame-taiá, quiçaré, taiá-japonês, taioba, taioba-São-Tomé SPANISH: bore, chonque, choque, cocoyán, colocasia, danchi, guagui, impanti, impati, mafafa, malagay, malanga isleña, malanga tayoba, malangay, malangu, maranga, mesusu, moena, ñame, ocumo culin, otoe, papa china, pelma, pituca, quiquisque, tarkwa, tayoba, tuyo, uncú, uncucha, usami, yautía, yautía malanga USES/NOTES: Small central corm, of some cultivars, its many large cormels, and leaves are edible, though the leaves of the dasheen (C. esculenta var. esculenta) are more highly esteemed. The dasheen cultivar is the source of Portland arrowroot. The large corm and its smaller cormels of the eddo variety are eaten roasted, baked, or boiled. Young leaves of some cultivars are eaten as a vegetable, though they must be cooked properly to remove the calcium oxalate. Young shoots are eaten like asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). The Hawaiian dish, poi, is made by pounding boiled corms and fermenting the paste. The lamina is chopped and boiled with other ingredients to make calaloo soup in Trinidad. The plant is among the most shade-tolerant food plants. NATURAL RANGE: Southeast Asia, or perhaps Polynesia, arrived in the West Indies via Africa with the early slave trade, naturalized in warm regions REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute 1974, Coe 1994, Duke and Vásquez 1994, FLEPPC 2003, Guia Rural n.d., IBGE 1980, Kay 1973, Kermath (notes), NRC 1975, O’Hair 1990, Omawale 1973, Purseglove 1972, Salick 1989, Sauer 1993, Usher 1974, Yamaguchi 1983 Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. FAMILY: Rhamnaceae (buckthorn) ENGLISH: Asian naked-wood, Asian snakeroot, Asian snakedwood, Asiatic colubrina, common colubrina, hoop withe, leather-leaf, wild coffee USES/NOTES: Leaves are edible. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 220
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs NATURAL RANGE: East Indies, naturalized in warm regions and invasive in Florida, Hawaii, and the West Indies REFERENCES: Adams 1972, FLEPPC 2003, Mabberely 1987 Colubrina elliptica (Sw.) Briz. & Stern [syn. C. reclinata (L’Hérit.) Brongn., Ceanothus reclinatus L’Hérit.] FAMILY: Rhamnaceae (buckthorn) ENGLISH: mawbie, nakedwood, smooth snakebark, soldierwood SPANISH: bijáguara, mabi, quitarán, yayajabico USES/NOTES: Bark is used to make a drink called mabi champán in Puerto Rico, and mabee or mawbie elsewhere in the Caribbean. The tree is considered endangered in Florida where occurs in the Keys and Miami-Dade County. NATURAL RANGE: West Indies, Venezuela, Mexico, Guatemala, and Florida REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Mabberely 1987, Morton 1977, OAS 1973, Uphof 1968 Colubrina ferruginosa Brongn. FAMILY: Rhamnaceae (buckthorn) ENGLISH: black velvet, snake wood USES/NOTES: Bark is made into a refreshing beverage, mabi in Puerto Rico and mabie in Antigua. NATURAL RANGE: Florida, West Indies, and southern Mexico to Honduras REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Facciola 1990, Standley and Steyermark 1949b Colubrina texensis (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray FAMILY: Rhamnaceae (buckthorn) ENGLISH: hog plum SPANISH: coma USES/NOTES: Fruits are used to make a tart beverage. NATURAL RANGE: Southwestern U.S. and adjacent Mexico REFERENCES: Correll and Johnston 1970, Facciola 1990, Latorre and Latorre 1977 Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. FAMILY: Santalaceae (santal) ENGLISH: bastard toadflax, comandra, false toadflax USES/NOTES: Sweet fruit is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Europe REFERENCES: Kindscher 1987, Mabberely 1987, Uphof 1968 Comarostaphylis arbutoides Lindley subsp. arbutoides FAMILY: Ericaceae (heath) SPANISH: chilú, nariz de chucho, nariz de perro USES/NOTES: Fruits of this shruby tree are eaten in Honduras. NATURAL RANGE: Chiapas, Mexico to Panama REFERENCES: Luteyn 1995 DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 221
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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